Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

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Keywords: groundwater; surface water; water quality; biological treatment; constructed wetlands; sequencing batch reactor; nitrate; Bharatpur; Rajasthan

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This study takes a statistical re-analysis of authentic primary laboratory observations as well as a targeted evidence synthesis, to assess the conditions under which RAC can achieve structural-performance goals.

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recycled aggregate concrete; recycled concrete aggregate; structural concrete; compressive strength; durability; SPSS; sustainable construction; circular economy

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Folklore is an integral part of richly diversified cultural heritage of India as it incorporates origin and evolution of ritualistic practices, social customs, traditional beliefs, folk music, folk dance and folk art forms. The combined effect of globalization, unprecedented technological advancement and comfort-seeking passive lifestyle, often manifests itself in present generation's lack of exposure to Indian folklore. This alarmingly fainting focus on traditional Indian folklore can be redeemed through the medium of cinematic representation. Cinema not only possesses the power to resurrect thousands of almost forgotten folklores but also to preserve it for the future generations. The easy accessibility to the world of folklore through the movies might well prove to be the fillip needed to restore enthusiasm in this field. The invigorating legend of Kantara, set in the Tulu Nadu coastal Karnataka, has borne the regional folklore concerning Daivas Panjurli and Guliga for more than 5000 years. The present paper is a venture to weigh and assess the assimilation of age old legend of Kantara in the main narrative of the motion picture Kantara: A Legend, Chapter 1 (2025) directed by Rishab Shetty with prime focus on determining how it has piqued the interest of the Gen Z through cinematic experience. Attempt will be made to point out the inaccuracies and unauthentic liberties if there are any in such cinematic portrayal.

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Folklore, Cinema, Legend, Myth, Rituals, Bhoota Kola Dance and Daivas

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Introduction: Anxiety has emerged as one of the most widespread mental health challenges among students in schools, colleges, and universities worldwide. Rising academic pressure, social competition, family expectations, financial stress, and the growing influence of digital media have all contributed to increasing anxiety levels, further intensified by the shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Left unaddressed, this anxiety undermines students' academic performance, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. This review examines anxiety trends among students, identifies the primary contributing factors, and evaluates the coping mechanisms and interventions available to manage it. Materials and Methods: This review takes a systematic approach to synthesizing existing literature on student anxiety and coping strategies, covering peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were included if they examined student anxiety within academic settings and offered quantitative or qualitative analysis of coping strategies; opinion pieces, non-peer-reviewed material, and studies addressing anxiety outside academic contexts were excluded. Literature was drawn from PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Discussion: The review finds that anxiety among students varies by gender, age, and educational system, with female students, first-year college students, and those in high-pressure academic cultures (such as China and India) reporting particularly elevated levels. Academic expectations, peer and family pressure, financial strain, and social media use emerge as consistent drivers across contexts. A range of coping strategies show effectiveness, including traditional techniques (relaxation, time management, peer support), institutional interventions (counseling access, mindfulness curricula, flexible assessment policies), psychological therapies (CBT, MBSR, exposure therapy), and digital tools (mental health apps, teletherapy, AI chatbots). No single approach proves sufficient on its own; the literature instead points toward integrated, multi-level strategies combining individual, institutional, and technological support. Conclusion: Addressing student anxiety effectively requires a holistic, collaborative approach involving students, educators, institutions, families, and policymakers. Educational systems should move away from high-pressure, performance-centric models toward more supportive, mental-health-conscious frameworks. Continued research, evidence-based policy, and accessible mental health resources will be essential for building learning environments where students can thrive both academically and personally.

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Student Anxiety, Coping Mechanisms, Academic Stress, Mental Health Interventions, Educational Institutions

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Indian agriculture continues to depend heavily on manual labour and small fuel-powered implements for repetitive field operations such as soil digging, weed removal and crop cutting. Rising fuel prices, seasonal labour scarcity and the emissions associated with small engine-driven machinery have created a need for low-cost, energy-autonomous field equipment suited to small and medium landholdings. This paper presents the design, implementation and experimental evaluation of a solar-powered multipurpose agricultural robot that performs movement, digging and cutting operations under wireless remote control. The implemented prototype harvests energy through a 12 V, 5 W photovoltaic panel that charges a 12 V, 1.2 Ah rechargeable battery; a three-terminal series regulator derives the 5 V logic rail while the battery rail supplies the actuators directly. An ATmega328P microcontroller, operating with a 16 MHz crystal oscillator and an external reset network, interprets commands received through a 433 MHz RF receiver and drives two L293D H-bridge motor drivers. The first driver controls four base motors arranged as left and right traction groups; the second operates the cutter and shaft actuators. The operator unit comprises four push buttons, a parallel-to-serial encoder and a 433 MHz transmitter with antenna. Testing of the assembled prototype reported a battery charging time of 4-5 hours of sunlight, 6-8 hours of continuous operation, a stable radio link over 50-100 m in open field with less than 1% signal loss, a base traversal speed of approximately 0.2 m/s, cutter and shaft speeds of 200-300 rpm, and a 70% reduction in manual labour on the test plots, with zero fuel consumption throughout. The results demonstrate the feasibility of solar-assisted, RF-controlled multipurpose field robots for small-scale agriculture.

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Solar energy, Agricultural robot, ATmega328, 433 MHz RF communication, L293D motor driver, Renewable energy, Agricultural automation, Remote-controlled robot.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Opencast coal mining plays a crucial role in meeting India's growing energy demand, contributing more than 70% of domestic coal production. Despite its economic importance, opencast mining generates substantial environmental challenges, particularly dust and noise pollution, which adversely affect ecosystems, mine workers, and nearby communities. Dust emissions originate from drilling, blasting, excavation, haul road transportation, crushing, and coal handling operations, while noise pollution arises from heavy machinery, blasting activities, transportation systems, and processing plants. The cumulative effects of these pollutants include respiratory diseases, hearing impairment, ecological degradation, reduced agricultural productivity, and deterioration of community well-being. This systematic review critically examines the current state of knowledge regarding dust and noise pollution in Indian opencast coal mines, evaluates existing control technologies, and assesses reclamation strategies aimed at environmental restoration. Literature published between 2010 and 2026 was systematically reviewed using major scientific databases and government reports following PRISMA guidelines. The review identifies water spraying systems, chemical dust suppressants, green belts, enclosure technologies, acoustic barriers, equipment maintenance, and controlled blasting as the most widely implemented mitigation approaches. However, their effectiveness varies considerably under Indian climatic and operational conditions. The study further highlights successful reclamation initiatives undertaken by Coal India Limited (CIL) and Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), emphasizing afforestation, mine spoil stabilization, and ecosystem restoration. Regulatory frameworks established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS), and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) have improved environmental management but face implementation challenges. The review concludes by identifying technological gaps, recommending AI-enabled monitoring systems, and advocating integrated environmental management approaches for sustainable mining practices in India.

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Opencast coal mining, dust pollution, noise pollution, environmental impacts, mine reclamation, sustainable mining, Coal India Limited, environmental management

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The mining industry is undergoing a profound shift toward Mining 5.0, emphasizing human-centric design, sustainability, and intelligent collaboration between humans and autonomous systems. This paper proposes a socio-technical framework for human-centric AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) adoption in emerging economies, with a focused case on Coal India Limited (CIL). Drawing on Industry 5.0 principles, the framework integrates collaborative robotics, digital twins, edge AI, and ethical governance to address the unique challenges of legacy infrastructure, skill gaps, regulatory complexities, and workforce transition in Indian coal mining. Through a systematic literature review and analysis of global and Indian case studies (Rio Tinto, BHP, CIL Digi-Coal), the study identifies critical barriers including cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and potential job displacement. It advocates a balanced approach that prioritizes operator well-being, reskilling programs, and inclusive implementation pathways. The proposed framework outlines phased adoption strategies, performance metrics, and policy recommendations aligned with DGMS guidelines and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives. Findings highlight that successful Mining 5.0 transition requires harmonizing technological innovation with social and ethical considerations to achieve enhanced safety, productivity, and sustainability.

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Mining 5.0, AIoT, human-centric design, socio-technical framework, Coal India Limited, emerging economies, digital twins, ethical AI, Industry 5.0, sustainable mining

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Pottali Kalpana is among the most advanced and powerful formulations in Ayurvedic Rasa Shastra (iatrochemistry). It aims to provide optimal therapeutic results in very small doses and is traditionally used for severe, acute, or deeply rooted systemic conditions. The technique of filling a cowrie shell, known as Kapardika Purana, is particularly significant pharmaceutically and pharmacologically in Pottali preparation. This article explores the conceptual basis, classical methods, and therapeutic reasoning behind processing herbo-mineral compounds in a Kapardika crucible, utilising both Gajaputa and Electric Muffle Furnace techniques.

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Pottali Kalpana, Kapardika, Varatika, Gajaputa, Electric Muffle Furnace, Bioavailability

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This study investigates the factors influencing students' decisions to join coaching centers for entrance examinations, with particular emphasis on gender-based differences. Grounded in a review of thirty-four peer-reviewed and industry studies on private coaching and shadow education in India, the research examines six decision dimensions: perception of coaching, parental influence, peer influence, preference for coaching versus self-study, online versus offline mode preference, and financial considerations. Findings from a gender-disaggregated survey indicate that female students are more influenced by parental expectations and financial constraints, whereas male students demonstrate relatively greater autonomy in decision-making. Both groups show a preference for coaching over self-study, although a significant proportion still value independent preparation. Additionally, the increasing preference for online coaching, especially among female students, highlights a shift toward flexible and accessible learning models. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications for coaching providers, parents, and policymakers.

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Coaching centers, Entrance Examination, Educational decision-making, Shadow education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition