Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

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Breastfeeding; Primi mothers; Planned teaching programme; Nursing education.

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Smart Local Farmers Marketplace System Using Digital Commerce Technologies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smart Local Farmers Marketplace System Using Digital Commerce Technologies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Barbara Kingsolver's Prodigal Summer is a landmark ecofeminist novel that intertwines the lives of women and the wild landscapes they inhabit. This article examines how Kingsolver uses interconnected narratives to depict the symbiotic relationship between women and nature, portraying ecological awareness and female empowerment as revolutionary acts. By analyzing the novel's central characters--Deanna Wolfe, Lusa Landowski, and Nannie Rawley--through an ecofeminist lens, the study explores how Kingsolver challenges patriarchal and anthropocentric worldviews. It argues that Prodigal Summer not only celebrates ecological resilience but also frames it as inherently political, linking personal liberation to environmental stewardship.

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Environment, Feminist Ecology, Wilderness, Revolution, Intersectionality, Ecocriticism.

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Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) provides an interesting literary analysis of political and social paradoxes in contemporary India. Exploring the experiences of individuals and communities positioned beyond the hegemonic centers of power, the novel is based on events that take place in Delhi, Kashmir, Gujarat, and other regions of violence and forced migration. In this article, the interrelation of grief and resistance in the novel will be discussed, revealing how grief is presented as a means not only for the response to the suffering but also for remembering and transforming it into resistance. Frantz Fanon's criticism of postcolonial nationalism as described in The Wretched of the Earth, namely, The Pitfalls of National Consciousness, will serve as a primary source of the present analysis; however, some insights from the historical account of Indian nationalism by Robert I. Crane will also be considered. Insights regarding racism, caste, gender, and political representation will be provided in accordance with the works of Robert Miles and Malcolm Brown, Uttamkumar S. Bagde, Prashant Maurya and Nagendra Kumar, and Danish Suleman, Abdul Halim Mohamed, and Md. Firoj Ahmmed. This article addresses the issues of neoliberal development, dispossession, violence, communalism, caste oppression, and the Kashmir dispute, as portrayed in the novel. This article also claims that Roy turns individual and collective mourning into counter-memory/counter-archive through narrative. Places like Khwabgah show how alternative communities of care and recognition might confront hegemonic notions of belonging. The article concludes that The Ministry of Utmost Happiness reframes nationalism as an ethical question of belonging.

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Keywords: Politics of Grief, Resistance, Postcolonial Nationalism, State Violence, Neoliberalism, Caste, Communalism, Kashmir, Marginality, Counter-Archive

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This paper critically examines A Handful of Rice by Kamala Markandaya through feminist and postcolonial frameworks, with a focus on the gendered dimensions of survival in conditions of urban poverty. The study argues that the deeper structural force of the novel lies in the silent endurance of women, particularly Nalini, even though the narrative primarily follows Ravi's struggle for survival. Women's domestic, emotional, and reproductive labour remains invisible, even though it sustains both the household and society, as the paper demonstrates through the feminist theories of Simone de Beauvoir, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Chandra Talpade Mohanty. The analysis demonstrates that Nalini's silence and resilience do not represent passive submission. Instead, they function as a form of negotiated agency shaped by social constraints and material conditions. The novel reveals the intersection of patriarchy and poverty, showing how these forces intensify female marginalization while simultaneously relying on women's labour for survival. Through this portrayal, Markandaya exposes the structural inequalities that sustain gendered exploitation. Ultimately, the study argues that the novel redefines survival as a deeply gendered experience and offers a critique of the socio-economic systems that perpetuate inequality.

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Feminism; Survival; Patriarchy; Emotional Labour; Poverty; Subaltern; Indian English Fiction; Gender; Resistance

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This paper offers a feminist and psychological analysis of Shashi Deshpande's The Dark Holds No Terrors, focusing on the ways in which silence, trauma, and patriarchal conditioning shape the protagonist Sarita's fragmented identity. Using qualitative textual analysis and feminist theoretical perspectives, the study examines the tension between Sarita's professional success and her experience of domestic oppression. The analysis reveals that patriarchal norms function both externally and internally, leading to emotional repression, silence, and identity conflict. The paper argues that Deshpande exposes the limitations of apparent female empowerment within a male-dominated social structure. It further demonstrates that self-awareness and the confrontation of personal trauma are essential for achieving autonomy. The study highlights the novel's significance within Indian feminist literature and its continued relevance to contemporary discussions of gender, identity, and power.

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Feminism, Trauma, Silence, Identity, Patriarchy, Female Subjectivity

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 Abstract

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a technology, but also a primary tool for constructing cinematic

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Locating nearby commercial establishments and reaching them by the shortest practical path remains a recurring difficulty for users of general-purpose web mapping tools, which are designed for broad search rather than business-specific discovery. This paper presents a web-based store locator and routing system built on the Django web framework, the GeoDjango spatial extension, and a PostGIS-enabled relational database, integrating location-aware store search and route generation into a single interface. Users can search stores by name, category, or proximity, view matching results on an interactive map, and obtain a distance-optimized route computed using the Haversine great-circle distance formula. An administrative module supports centralized management of store records, including category, address, geographic coordinates, and operating hours. The system was evaluated on datasets of 100 to 5000 store records and compared against a conventional, non-spatially-indexed search implementation. The proposed system achieved higher search accuracy (92-95% versus 82-88% for the baseline) and lower response times across all tested dataset sizes, indicating that spatial indexing scales more favourably than flat relational search as the number of records grows. The architecture offers a practical, low-cost reference design for retail, healthcare, banking, and tourism applications that require integrated place discovery and navigation.

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Store Locator; Route Optimization; Geographic Information System (GIS); GeoDjango; Location-Based Services; Spatial Database; Haversine Formula; Web-GIS

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Nerium oleander is a rich source of secondary metabolites with potential biological activities. In the present study, the methanolic extract of Nerium oleander flowers was evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, chromatographic profile, and antimicrobial activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted using standard qualitative chemical tests to detect major classes of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and cardiac glycosides, which are known to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates using suitable solvent systems to separate the chemical constituents of the extract. Distinct spots with characteristic Rf values were observed under visible and ultraviolet light, confirming the presence of multiple phytochemical components and demonstrating the complexity of the flower extract. The TLC fingerprint obtained can serve as a reference for the identification and quality control of Nerium oleander flower extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as fungal species, using the agar well diffusion method. The methanolic flower extract exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activity, with zones of inhibition increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. The observed activity may be attributed to the synergistic effects of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides present in the extract. Overall, the findings suggest that Nerium oleander flower extract contains diverse bioactive compounds with significant antimicrobial potential. The combination of phytochemical screening, TLC profiling, and antimicrobial evaluation supports the possible use of this plant as a natural source of antimicrobial agents and provides a scientific basis for further isolation and characterization of its active constituents.

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Nerium oleander, phytochemical screening, thin-layer chromatography, antimicrobial activity, methanolic extract, medicinal plants

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The rapid adoption of hybrid work models has significantly transformed the working environment in the Information Technology (IT) sector. Hybrid work combines office-based and remote working arrangements, providing employees with greater flexibility while creating new challenges related to communication, collaboration, technology support, and work-life balance. This study examines employees' perceptions of hybrid work models among IT professionals in Chennai. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 112 employees through a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. The study evaluates employee perceptions regarding work flexibility, communication, collaboration, technology support, work-life balance, and organizational support. Statistical tools including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that employees generally have positive perceptions of hybrid work, with work flexibility and work-life balance emerging as the strongest influencing factors. Technology support also contributes significantly to favourable employee perceptions, whereas communication and collaboration require further organizational attention. Significant differences were observed across age, work experience, and job designation, while gender showed no significant influence. The study concludes that effective organizational support, robust digital infrastructure, and employee-centric policies are essential for enhancing hybrid work experiences and sustaining employee productivity in the IT sector.

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Hybrid Work Model, Employee Perception, IT Sector, Work Flexibility, Work-Life Balance, Organizational Support, Employee Productivity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition