Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??, ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? 200 ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??????? ??? ???, ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??. ??.??. ???? ?????? ??????? "?????? ??????? ???? (????????? ???)" ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ??-??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???

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Forests in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, are crucial for ecological stability and the livelihoods of indigenous and forest-fringe communities. However, conservation efforts often conflict with community needs, creating complex socio-economic and institutional challenges. This study investigates the major problems faced by local communities, including Scheduled Tribes such as Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, and Irulas, in forest conservation initiatives. Using both primary data from field surveys and secondary data from forest department records, the research identifies human-wildlife conflict, restrictions on Non-Timber Forest Produce collection, inadequate alternative livelihoods, weak implementation of the Forest Rights Act 2006, and limited participation in Joint Forest Management as key constraints. External pressures such as tourism expansion, invasive species, and climate variability further intensify these challenges. The study reveals that while communities value forest conservation, exclusionary policies and lack of benefit-sharing mechanisms foster negative perceptions and reduce cooperation. Findings emphasize that traditional ecological knowledge remains underutilized despite its potential for sustainable management. The research concludes that inclusive, community-centric approaches are essential for long-term conservation success. Recommendations include strengthening FRA implementation, ensuring timely HWC compensation, promoting forest-based sustainable livelihoods, and integrating indigenous knowledge into management plans. The study contributes to bridging the gap between conservation goals and community well-being, offering policy insights for participatory forest governance in the Western Ghats and similar landscapes.

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Forest Conservation, Local Communities, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Forest Rights Act, Joint Forest Management, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Participatory Conservation, Livelihood Security.

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The paper reads Radhika Sachdev's memoir Second Go: First-hand Account of a Liver Transplant Recipient's Journey in India (2018) through Stacy Alaimo's concept of trans-corporeality to examine how the narrating body is represented as porous and materially entangled with medical technology, anonymous donor tissue, family, and the economic and legal apparatus of Indian transplant medicine, rather than as a bounded, autonomous self. Using close reading of excerpted chapters, the paper traces two related phenomena: survivor's guilt, which surfaces not through direct confession but through irony, fantasy, and collective gratitude; and othering, enacted upon the anonymous cadaver donor, the narrator's own diseased organ, and the transplanted subject more broadly through institutional and clinical language. The paper argues that existing trans-corporeal and medical-humanities scholarship on transplantation, grounded largely in Euro-American memoirs, has not engaged an Indian cadaveric-donation narrative, and that Second Go offers a text through which this vocabulary can be tested and extended.

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trans-corporeality; survivor's guilt; othering; organ transplantation; Indian life-writing

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This study examines the impact of visual merchandising on sales performance and customer buying behavior in the retail sector, with special reference to Ayodhya. Visual merchandising plays an important role in attracting customers and influencing their purchase decisions through elements such as store layout, lighting, window displays, and product arrangement. The study is based on primary data collected from 200 respondents using the convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire based on a Likert scale was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using Spearman's correlation method to examine the relationship between visual merchandising, sales performance, and customer buying behavior. The results indicate a strong and positive relationship between the variables, showing that effective visual merchandising significantly influences customers and improves sales performance. It was also observed that customers are more likely to purchase from stores that are visually attractive and well-organized. The study concludes that visual merchandising is a valuable tool for retailers to enhance customer experience and increase sales. It suggests that retailers in Ayodhya should focus on improving visual elements to attract more customers and achieve better business outcomes.

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Visual Merchandising, Sales Performance, Customer Buying Behavior, Convenience Sampling, Spearman Correlation

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Globalization has transformed the landscape of local businesses, presenting both challenges and opportunities. As markets expand beyond borders, local enterprises face increased competition from international players while also gaining access to a broader customer base. This paper explores the impact of globalization on local businesses; highlighting the strategies they can adopt to achieve competitive advantage. By leveraging unique local resources, embracing technology, and fostering innovation, local businesses can not only survive but thrive in an interconnected economy. The findings underscore the importance of adaptability and strategic planning in navigating the complexities of globalization.

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Globalization, Local Businesses, Competitive Advantage, Market Competition Business Strategy International Trade Innovation, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Market Expansion Sustainable Business Growth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia major; Nursing Intervention Package; combination therapy with oral iron chelators; Serum ferritin; Endocrine outcomes; Medication adherence; Randomized controlled trial.

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Education is a comprehensive process that aims to develop a person's personality and prepare them for the challenges of life, enabling them to contribute to the advancement of society. The need to conduct a study on the academic achievement of residential school students is driven by several significant factors. Residential schools provide a unique educational setting where students not only receive academic education but also live away from their families. The objectives were To find whether there is any significant difference in the Academic Achievement of residential school boys and girls and residential school students belonging to urban and rural locality. The population of present study included all the students' studying6th, 7th, 8th and 9th standards in residential schools of Mulabagal Taluk, Kolar District. The researcher selected a sample of 240 students by using a stratified random sampling technique over locality. T-test was the statistical technique used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that There is a significant difference in the Academic Achievement of residential school boys and girls." The residential school girls (M=77.113) had better achievement in academic than boys (M=68.655). There is no significant difference in the Academic Achievement of residential school students from urban and rural locality." It was concluded that the urban and rural residential school students had a similar type of achievement in academic.

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Academic Achievement, Variables, Residential schools

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Abstract Introduction: In Ayurveda, one of the most important concepts for personalised health care is Sharirik Prakriti, which defines a person's distinct constitution according to the dominance of the three basic biological entities, namely Vata, Pitta, and Kapha Doshas.1,2,3 The science of Pramana Sharira provides a set of standardised anthropometric measures used to assess a person's body proportions and physical constitution.15 Anguli Pramana is one of the most useful anthropometric measures used in the science of Pramana Sharira and includes the measurement of body parts according to the width of a person's own finger (Swa-Anguli).2 Even though the classical Ayurvedic literature discusses extensively such concepts as Sharirik Prakriti and Anguli Pramana,1,2 the interrelation of these two concepts has been studied quite insufficiently. Objective: To study the classical literature of Ayurveda and scientific literature about the relationship between Anguli Pramana and Sharirik Prakriti, and its potential application in assessing personal constitution. Methodology: The narrative literature review was performed using the following classical works of Ayurveda: Charaka Samhita (1), Sushruta Samhita (2), Ashtanga Hridaya (3) and Kashyapa Samhita (5). Along with classical literature, relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar and other scientific databases. Result: Proportional body measurements have been emphasised in classical Ayurvedic texts1 as essential factors in assessing normal constitution and well-being of an individual.1,2,3 Modern research has shown that anthropometric factors like body measures, limb measurements, body mass index, and skeletal measurements show considerable relationships with various Prakriti types.11-16 Anguli Pramana, being a personalised approach, has tremendous scope for studying the differences in constitutions. However, there is not much information available on the correlation between Anguli Pramana and Sharirik Prakriti. Conclusion: Anguli Pramana is a valuable anthropometric factor of Ayurveda which can be used for the evaluation of Prakriti.15,16 The combination of classical concepts with modern anthropometric techniques may improve constitutional assessment and practice of evidence-based Ayurveda. Further multicentric research is needed to correlate Anguli Pramana and various Sharirik Prakriti types.

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Ayurveda, Anguli Pramana, Pramana Sharira, Sharirik Prakriti, Anthropometry, Constitution, Personalised Medicine

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Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the most pressing global concerns of the twenty-first century. The development of environmental awareness and environmental ethics among students is essential for fostering responsible environmental behavior and sustainable development. The present study aimed to investigate the levels of environmental awareness and environmental ethics among secondary school students and examine the relationship between these variables. A sample of 200 secondary school students from Bangalore city was selected through stratified random sampling. The study employed the Environmental Awareness Scale (TEAS) developed by Dr. M. S. Talawar (2018) and the Environmental Ethics Scale (EES) developed by Dr. Haseen Taj (2001). Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation were used for data analysis. The findings revealed significant differences in environmental awareness and environmental ethics between male and female students. Female students demonstrated higher levels of environmental awareness and environmental ethics compared to male students. A significant positive correlation was found between environmental awareness and environmental ethics, indicating that students with higher environmental awareness tend to possess stronger environmental ethics. The study highlights the need to integrate environmental education and ethical values into the school curriculum to promote environmentally responsible behaviour among students.

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Environmental Awareness, Environmental Ethics, Secondary School Students, Environmental Education, Sustainable Development

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This paper presents an integrated microstructure-tribology-performance analysis of CrN/AlTiN/TiB? multilayer Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) coatings deposited on WC-Co solid carbide end mills for dry machining of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Drawing on XRD, AFM and SEM characterization data alongside machining trial results reported in the companion papers of this series, this study systematically correlates coating microstructural parameters specifically nanocrystalline grain size (D = 3.5-4.8 nm by Scherrer analysis), surface roughness (Ra = 4.21 nm by AFM), and morphological features (compact Zone T microstructure by SEM) with the observed tribological behaviour and machining performance (111.1% tool life improvement). The dominant tribological phenomena are identified as: (i) anti-adhesion provided by the TiB? outermost layer suppressing built-up edge (BUE) formation; (ii) adaptive tribo-oxidation of AlTiN generating Al?O? protective oxides that function as in-situ solid lubricants; (iii) crack deflection at CrN/AlTiN layer interfaces inhibiting coating delamination under cyclic milling loads; and (iv) Hall-Petch hardening from the sub-5 nm nanocrystalline grain structure maintaining coating hardness under extreme contact conditions. A mechanistic wear model is proposed that links these four phenomena in a sequential, self-reinforcing protective cascade. The study demonstrates that the CrN/AlTiN/TiB? system achieves its exceptional performance not through any single property advantage, but through the synergistic interaction of all three functional layers a principle that should guide the design of next-generation multilayer coatings for difficult-to-machine material applications.

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tribology; wear mechanisms; CrN/AlTiN/TiB?; PVD coating; microstructure-property correlation; tribo-film; Hall-Petch; Ti-6Al-4V; dry milling; adaptive coating

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