Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Education is an essential means of developing oneself, bringing social transformation, participating economically, and promoting gender equality. Several improvements have been made in the field of education in India as far as girls' concerns are concerned; however, there still exist disparities among girls due to issues like poverty, gender discrimination, socio-cultural value system, early marriages, lack of infrastructure, insecurity, and absence of education. Acknowledging these challenges, the Government of India has introduced several programs and schemes designed to facilitate education for girls, keep them in school, reduce dropouts, and empower them in general. Such programs include Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), Samagra Shiksha, Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY), and National Scheme of Incentive to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE). This paper examines the importance of such schemes and programs launched by the Government of India in educating girls in India. The research design is descriptive and review-based using secondary sources like government policies, scheme guidelines, reports, and literature in the analysis process. The results indicate that the government interventions have been playing an important part in improving accessibility, awareness, retention, gender-sensitive infrastructure, residential schools, and financial preparedness for education of girls. However, problems of implementation, awareness, attitude, regional differences, digital divide, and monitoring continue to affect the performance of these government schemes. In conclusion, it can be stated that the government schemes are playing a crucial role in the education of girls provided that the implementation, community participation, gender sensitivity in schools, and monitoring are good.

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 Keywords

Education for Girls, Government Initiatives, Gender Sensitivity, Samagra Shiksha, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, KGBV.

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 Abstract

In Persian Sufism, longing (taleb or ishq) is the sacred, driving force of the soul. It represents the painful yet ecstatic realization of separation from the Divine Beloved. This existential yearning transforms suffering into a spiritual path, urging the seeker past the ego toward divine union (fana)

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 Keywords

Taleb - longing, Fana - Divine Union, Ma`arifat - Divine Love, Ishq e Majazi - metaphorical love, biradaris - clans.

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Introduction: Hypercalcaemia Crisis is a rare and serious complication of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid carcinoma is one of the causes of primary hyperparathyroidism that is very rare with an incidence of 0,005% of all malignancy cases. Case Presentation: We report the case of 46-year-old Man with hypercalcaemia crisis due to parathyroid carcinoma. He presented with right upper arm and left thigh fractures after falling while riding a motorcycle. Because a pathological fracture is suspected, further diagnostic examination is carried out. His serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were at 15,3 mg/dL and 4.063 pg/mL, respectively. An ultrasonography of his neck showed a nodul in the left lobe of thyroid gland (TIRADS 4) while the parathyroid gland was not visualized and abdominal ultrasonography showed bilateral nephrolithiasis. A total Thyroidectomy and total parathyroidectomy were performed. Histology revealed a parathyroid carcinoma with an intranodular parathyroid in the left lobe thyroid. Postoperatively, the patient has a significant decrease in serum calcium and PTH levels. Conclusion: In patient with parathyroid carcinoma, the best treatment modality is surgery. In our patient, surgical intervention in the form of total parathyroidectomy proved successfully reduce serum calcium and PTH levels. Early diagnosis and surgery before arising the complications of the hypercalcaemia crisis, nephrolithiasis, or pathological fractures could reduce morbidity and mortality in patient with parathyroid carcinoma.

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 Keywords

parathyroid carcinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy, case report

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 Keywords

Keywords: Oral Rehydration Therapy, ORS, Demonstration-Based Teaching, Knowledge, Practice, Mothers, Under-Five Children, Diarrhoea, Dehydration, Community Health Nursing.

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The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted in the deployment of numerous connected devices that continuously exchange data over communication networks. Many of these devices operate under resource constraints, making the selection of efficient encryption algorithms an important consideration for secure communication. This study presents a comparative performance analysis of five encryption algorithms, namely AES-128, PRESENT, Salsa20, ChaCha20, and SIMON, for software-based IoT communication. The algorithms are evaluated using a Python-based simulation environment with input data sizes ranging from 1 KB to 1 MB. Encryption and decryption execution times are measured and compared under the same experimental conditions. The reported results show that ChaCha20 provides the lowest execution time among the evaluated algorithms across the tested data sizes, followed by Salsa20. For 1 MB of data, ChaCha20 records encryption and decryption times of 271.1 ms and 269.4 ms, respectively, while Salsa20 records 293.6 ms and 291.5 ms. AES-128 provides an established standardized reference, whereas PRESENT and SIMON show higher execution times in the evaluated software environment. The results indicate that ChaCha20 offers a favorable performance profile for IoT applications where reduced computational delay is important. However, the study is limited to software-based simulation and does not directly measure hardware-level energy consumption. The findings therefore provide a comparative performance perspective rather than a universal recommendation for all IoT platforms.

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 Keywords

Internet of Things, Lightweight Cryptography, AES-128, PRESENT, Salsa20, ChaCha20, SIMON, IoT Security

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Education is one of the central instruments of social mobility, yet for Muslim girls in India, access to it is shaped by a mix of gender norms, religious identity, and structural inequality. This paper traces the historical emergence and contemporary growth of girls' madrasas in India, examines what draws families to enroll their daughters in them, and considers how these institutions function at once as sites of religious learning, gendered socialization, identity formation, and educational opportunity. The study draws on a critical review of existing literature, government reports, census data, and published empirical research, read through an intersectional sociological lens that attends to how gender, class, religion, and region combine to shape Muslim girls' educational paths. The central argument is that girls' madrasas resist any simple reading as instruments of either empowerment or exclusion. They have expanded educational access and religious literacy for many girls, but they also carry the weight of community aspiration, economic constraint, cultural expectation, and concern for respectability. Rather than treating madrasas as a lesser substitute for secular schooling, the paper places them within larger debates on educational justice, minority rights, and gendered citizenship in India. This sociological account of Muslim girls' education contributes to ongoing conversations about inclusive schooling for minorities. It suggests that policy responses to educational inequality need to move past deficit framings and reckon with the social realities within which Muslim girls actually negotiate education, identity, and aspiration.

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 Keywords

education, gender, identity, inequality, Muslim girls

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Knowledge, practice, social skills, kindergarten children, parents, early childhood development, social development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social skills, kindergarten children, parents, knowledge, child development, information booklet, early childhood development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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P91 ferritic-martensitic steel is widely used in fossil-fires power plants because of its high creep strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. However, transient overheating above the design temperature can accelerate oxidation, damage the protective oxide scale, and reduce component reliability. In this study, the isothermal oxidation of P91 steel under short-term overheating was investigated in dry air at 600? and 800? for up to 350 h using weight gain measurements, SEM, cross-sectional analysis, and EDS. The results showed that oxidation increased with both exposure time and temperature, with temperature having the stronger effect. At 600?, P91 steel formed a thin, compact, and adherent oxide scale with low weight gain. In contrast, at 800?, the weight gain increased markedly and a much thicker oxide scale developed, with localized cracking and partial delamination. Cross-sectional SEM confirmed faster oxide growth at the higher temperature, while EDS mapping showed a duplex structure with an Fe-rich outer layer and a Cr-rich inner layer. The chromium-rich inner layer was protective at 600?, but its effectiveness decreased at 800? due to rapid oxide growth and enhanced diffusion of oxygen and iron. Overall, short-term overheating significantly reduces the oxidation of P91 steel by accelerating oxide growth and weaking the protective chromium-rich layer. These findings help explain the oxidation behavior of P91 steel during transient overheating in power plant service.

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High temperature oxidation, isothermal oxidation, short term overheating, oxidation kinetics, oxide spallation, ferritic-martensitic steel.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: ORS, Oral Rehydration Solution, Planned Teaching Programme, Knowledge, Mothers, Under-Five Children, Diarrhoea, Rural Area, Community Health Nursing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition