Volume 14 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Controlled-release matrix tablets remain the dominant oral platform for antihypertensive drug delivery, favored for manufacturing simplicity and scalability over reservoir, osmotic, and multiparticulate alternatives. Formulation development, however, has largely proceeded one variable at a time, leaving the field without a cross-class understanding of how polymer, process, and drug-specific variables interact. This review argues that antihypertensive matrix tablet performance is governed by the interaction of critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) rather than any single variable, and develops a Quality by Design (QbD) framework CMAs, CPPs, and critical quality attributes (CQAs) assessed jointly as a more rational formulation basis. Evidence spanning calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, an ACE inhibitor, and an ARB shows drug class does not reliably predict formulation strategy: solubility, not pharmacological category, governs polymer selection, while chemical stability (captopril) or manufacturing route (carvedilol) can dominate over release-rate concerns. A single polymer such as HPMC shifts its dominant release mechanism depending on the drug and co-excipients involved, and ethanol co-ingestion can suppress rather than dump a formulation's release (hydrochlorothiazide), underscoring that robustness requires verification beyond standard dissolution testing. Flattening drug exposure and timing it to the morning blood pressure surge emerge as distinct, sometimes competing, clinical objectives. These findings support treating antihypertensive matrix tablet design as a systems-level, interaction-aware problem, offering formulation scientists a structured framework to anticipate rather than discover such interactions after the fact

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 Keywords

Controlled-release matrix tablets; antihypertensive drugs; Quality by Design; critical material attributes; polymer-drug interactions

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 Abstract

The rapid utilization of tools related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) like ChatGPT has transformed the methods by which individuals receive, retain, and recall information. Even though ChatGPT can aid the learning process by generating answers with proper explanations rapidly, saving their time by easy access to information, and providing personalized tutoring to them, frequent use and overreliance on ChatGPT may affect cognitive processes, especially related to memory. This article explores the effects of interaction with ChatGPT on memory, with a focus on how individuals interact with ChatGPT to seek assistance and how it affects their memory abilities.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI); ChatGPT; Chatbot; Interaction; Memory; Effects.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the Bible, Sensuality is usually listed with other evils that sexual promiscuity and perversion. Also known as lewdness. Sensuality can be defined as devotion to gratifying bodily appetites; free indulgence in casual pleasures. The word sensuality comes from the root word sense, which pertains to our five senses. Sensuality is a total devotion to the gratification of the senses to the exclusion of soul and spirit. Spiritualism is a philosophic doctrine, opposing materialism that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual is character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness.

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Sensuality, Spirituality, Celibacy

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has emerged as a cornerstone of rural livelihood security in India, with Kerala often cited as a relatively successful case in terms of implementation and participation. However, the effectiveness of the programme can-not be fully understood without examining the perceptions of its primary stakeholders--the benefi-ciaries themselves. This study analyses beneficiaries' perceptions of the effects of MGNREGS in Ker-ala, with a specific focus on regional variations across districts. Using primary data collected from MGNREGS beneficiaries across different regions of the state and supported by secondary sources, the study evaluates perceived impacts on income security, employment stability, household consump-tion, women's empowerment, and overall socio-economic well-being. The findings reveal significant regional disparities in beneficiaries' experiences and satisfaction levels, influenced by factors such as administrative efficiency, availability of work, wage payment systems, and local governance struc-tures. While MGNREGS has contributed positively to livelihood security and social inclusion in most regions, gaps persist in terms of timely wage payments, adequacy of workdays, and quality of assets created. The study highlights the importance of region-specific policy interventions and strengthened local institutions to enhance the effectiveness of MGNREGS in Kerala.

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MGNREGS, Beneficiaries' Perception, Regional Disparities, Rural Employment, Livelihood Secu-rity.

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Oral cancers are dreadful, deadly and merciless disease, if left leads to death. Oral cancers can appear as a growth or sore in anywhere of the mouth that does not cure. It includes any malignant neoplasm which is found on the lip, floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gingiva, palate or in the tongue. Around world one third of oral cancer cases are present in India. Oral cancers are one among the top three types of cancers in India. It is one of the major public health problems in India

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Prevalence, risk cases, oral cancer, small group teaching programme

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Nano zeolite is a nanoscale aluminosilicate material with a high surface area, a porous structure, a high ion exchange capacity, and surface reactivity. Because of these properties it has attracted growing interest in the fields of construction, soil stabilization, asphalt mixtures, geopolymer systems and environmental applications. The present review looks at the literature concerning the evaluation of nano zeolite's project performance, with a special focus on its mechanical performance, durability, environmental sustainability, life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost and cost-benefit considerations. The studies reviewed show that both zeolite and nano zeolite are able to increase strength and promote densification in certain construction applications and can in part substitute conventional cementitious or filler materials. For instance, recent studies have found that the performance of cement-zeolite sand can be improved within certain optimal replacement ranges and that there is a significant increase in strength in soft soils treated with nano-zeolite and with municipal solid waste incineration ash. A recent study on asphalt also found that a 50% substitution of cement filler with nano-zeolite represented the best level for Marshall performance under the laboratory conditions stated. At the same time, studies based on life cycle assessment indicate that the environmental benefits are highly dependent on material production, energy consumption, the use of alkali, transportation, the replacement ratio and the definition of the system boundaries. The literature makes it clear that there is a need for an integrated project-level evaluation that combines technical performance, life cycle assessment and economic analysis rather than looking at these aspects separately. The review thus suggests an integrated framework for assessing nano zeolite in comparison with conventional stabilizers such as cement and lime by means of performance indicators, environmental impact categories and cost-benefit indicators.

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NANO ZEOLITE; SOIL STABILIZATION; SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; PROJECT PERFORMANCE; CEMENT REPLACEMENT; ASPHALT FIL

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This study looks at the mechanism behind how incivility toward employees may lead to counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) and how perceived organizational support (POS) may moderate this relationship, specifically between customer incivility and perceived work incivility, and customer incivility and employee CWBs. Customer incivility, defined as rudeness or disrespectful behavior from customers, is a significant workplace stressor that can lead to emotional depletion and reduced employee performance. Drawing on the previous research on emotional exhaustion, we propose that emotional exhaustion will be a mediator between customer incivility and CWB. Further, we suggest that the negative impact of emotional exhaustion on CWB is mediated by POS. The survey data of employees in customer-facing jobs are analyzed with PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) and the findings suggest that the relationship between customer incivility and CWB is significantly mediated by emotional exhaustion. Further, the results showed that organizational support (perceived) is a suppressor of the relation between emotional exhaustion and CWB, meaning that there is a less negative impact of emotional exhaustion on CWB when it is perceived high. The study adds to the knowledge about the psychological and organizational factors underlying customer-business deviance and provides suggestions for organizations that wish to reduce the impact of customer-caused deviance on their organizations by providing support and stress management programs. Drawing on the previous research on emotional exhaustion, we propose that emotional exhaustion will be a mediator between customer incivility and CWB. Further, we suggest that the negative impact of emotional exhaustion on CWB is mediated by POS. The survey data of employees in customer-facing jobs are analyzed with PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) and the findings suggest that the relationship between customer incivility and CWB is significantly mediated by emotional exhaustion. Further, the results showed that organizational support (perceived) is a suppressor of the relation between emotional exhaustion and CWB, meaning that there is a less negative impact of emotional exhaustion on CWB when it is perceived high. The study adds to the knowledge about the psychological and organizational factors underlying customer-business deviance and provides suggestions for organizations that wish to reduce the impact of customer-caused deviance on their organizations by providing support and stress management programs.

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 Keywords

Incivility, counterproductive behavior, Perceived Organizational Support, PLS-SEM.

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Beach plastic pollution has become a significant environmental problem that is causing serious problems for the marine environment. It is important to monitor and classify beach plastic pollution because this will help in cleanup processes and environmental management. In this research paper, we propose a model that uses artificial intelligence techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in order to classify beach plastic. The CNN is used as the base algorithm of the model while transfer learning EffcientNetB0 technology is utilized. The results indicate that the proposed transfer learning-based model achieves reliable classification performance and can serve as a practical tool for automated beach monitoring systems. This work highlights the potential of deep learning techniques in addressing environmental challenges and contributes toward the development of intelligent solutions for sustainable coastal management.

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 Keywords

Beach Waste Detection, Transfer Learning, AI solutions, Plastic detection, Convolution neural networks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Genotoxins are agents/carriers such as chemical or radiation that can cause the damage to DNA or chromosomal structure, thereby causing mutations and the process are called as genotoxicity. Identification and understanding of genotoxins at a primary stage of drug development would enable us to prevent the potential damage that can be caused by these genotoxic agents. Various regulatory agencies such as International Council for Harmonization and EMEA, USFDA, European Pharmacopeia guidance, guidance for oncology products provide guidelines to limits the level of impurities in drug substances and drug products. Nowadays, conventional protocol of isolation, various spectral analysis high-performance liquid chromatography (LC), Fourier transform infrared to on-line analysis using modern, sophisticated hyphenated tools, like gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, LC-MS so on, as well as modern software based in silico drug designs are extensively used *9+633... by industry, research, and development areas and also there is tremendous increase in publications in the literature involving their use. Our review article focused on the various regulatory guidelines, application of hyphenated tools, and in silico techniques in genotoxic impurity and degradation product profiling of small molecules. A brief explanation is made on possible pitfalls in the experimentation and data interpretation. From this review, it concluded that there are various countries having their own regulatory agencies and regulatory guidelines for drug approvals, which may be followed by applying new chemical entities the new drug application title (NDA) in new drug application as well as there are various conventional to modern software based on techniques to quantification of genotoxic impurities.

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 Keywords

Genotoxic impurities (GTIs), Regulatory guidelines, Drug substances, Analytical techniques, Safety, and quality assurance.

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ABSTRACT Background: Alcohol abuse is a major public health concern affecting individuals, families, communities, and healthcare systems worldwide. Harmful alcohol consumption is associated with numerous physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences, including liver disease, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, injuries, mental health problems, interpersonal difficulties, poor academic and occupational performance, and alcohol dependence. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding alcohol abuse relapse prevention strategies for maintaining sobriety among first-year B.Sc. Nursing students. Methods and Materials: A quantitative research approach with a pre-experimental, one-group pre-test and post-test design was used. The study was conducted at a selected college in Indore. Using a non-probability purposive sampling technique, 94 first-year B.Sc. Nursing students were selected. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics and knowledge regarding alcohol abuse relapse prevention strategies for maintaining sobriety. The pre-test knowledge assessment was conducted on Day 1, followed by the administration of a structured teaching programme on alcohol abuse relapse prevention strategies for maintaining sobriety. A post-test was conducted on the seventh day after the intervention. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the pre-test, the majority of students had poor knowledge. Of the 94 students, 68 (72.34%) had poor knowledge scores, 11 (11.70%) had average knowledge, 10 (10.64%) had good knowledge, and only 5 (5.32%) had excellent knowledge. A marked improvement in knowledge was observed in the post-test. None of the students (0%) remained in the poor knowledge category. Only 3 (3.19%) students had average knowledge, while 18 (19.15%) had good knowledge and 73 (77.66%) achieved excellent knowledge. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 12.01, which increased to 32.74 in the post-test, with a mean difference of 20.73. The paired t-test showed a calculated t value of -27.55 with 93 degrees of freedom, which was statistically significant at the 0.05 level of significance. The intervention was effective in improving the students' knowledge; hence, the research hypothesis (H?) was accepted. A statistically significant association was found between pre-test knowledge scores and age, religion, number of family members, parents' educational status, parents' occupation, monthly family income, source of information regarding alcohol abuse, and participation in an educational programme on alcohol abuse prevention at the 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that the structured teaching programme on alcohol abuse relapse prevention strategies for maintaining sobriety was effective in improving the knowledge of first-year B.Sc. Nursing students.

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 Keywords

Structured teaching programme; knowledge; alcohol abuse; relapse prevention; sobriety; first-year B.Sc. Nursing students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition