Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This study examines the Dadgari weekly market in Hatisar village, located in Assam's Chirang district, as a site of informal cross-border governance along the Indo-Bhutan border. Drawing on fieldwork, vendor and consumer interviews, and market-committee records, the study describes the market's spatial organization, its community of buyers and sellers, and the largely self-regulating system that sustains it. It analyzes the market's economic significance for local Bodo, Rajbongshi, Nepali, and Adivasi communities, as well as for Bhutanese consumers from the southern foothills who make up most of its customers. The study highlights the market's near-total dependence on this Bhutanese customer base and it's distinctive dual-currency operation where both Indian rupees and Bhutanese ngultrum are accepted in daily transactions.This article argues that Dadgari functions as a form of unofficial, community-managed cross-border governance operating largely outside formal state structures, yet remains vulnerable to disruptions originating in national-level political and economic events on either side of the border. The article concludes with recommendations for infrastructural and institutional support for the same.

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 Keywords

Dadgari, Border market, Indo-Bhutan trade, informal economy, dual-currency

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Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) plays a vital role in modern digital systems due to its fast data access and compatibility with high-performance processors. However, continuous CMOS technology scaling has increased leakage current and standby power consumption, limiting its suitability for low-power applications. This work proposes a SAPON-based 4T2M SRAM architecture that integrates four CMOS transistors with two memristors to improve energy efficiency while maintaining reliable memory functionality. The memristors provide non-volatile data storage, and the SAPON leakage reduction technique minimizes standby leakage current without affecting normal read and write operations. The proposed design is implemented and evaluated using the Cadence Virtuoso design environment with Spectre simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SRAM cell reduces power consumption from 404 nW to 379 nW compared with a conventional 6T SRAM cell. Although the propagation delay increases from 10.06 ns to 15.13 ns, the architecture maintains correct functionality and offers improved energy efficiency, making it suitable for IoT devices, embedded systems, and other low-power VLSI applications

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Keywords: SRAM, 4T2M SRAM, Memristor, SAPON Technique, Leakage Power Reduction, Low-Power VLSI, Cadence Virtuoso, Spectre Simulation, IoT Applications.

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राव शेखा व उनके वंशजों की भूमि शेखावाटी, ऐतिहासिक और सांस्कृतिक दृष्टि से न केवल राजस्थान प्रदेश में ही अपितु भारत और विश्व में भी अपना विशिष्ट महत्व रखती है। यह क्षेत्र शौर्य और बलिदानों की गौरव गाथा सुनाते गढ़-महल, त्याग और बलिदान की प्रतीक छतरियाँ, जल स्रोतों के प्रतीक कुएं, बावड़ी, तालाब, सेठ साहूकारों के वैभव को प्रदर्शित करती भव्य एवं विशाल हवेलियों और भित्ति चित्रकला के साथ-साथ अपनी गहरी धार्मिक जड़ों के लिए भी जाना जाता है। भौतिक पीड़ा से मानव जब उद्विग्न होता है तो वह अपने मानसिक शांति के लिए इन्हीं देवताओं की शरण में जाकर आत्म निवेदन करता है, मंदिर एवं देवालय उसकी श्रद्धा के प्रतीक हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र राजस्थान के सीकर जिले की आध्यात्मिक और सांस्कृतिक विरासत पर केंद्रित है। इस अध्ययन में शाकंभरी, खाटूश्यामजी, जीण माता और हर्षनाथ जैसे प्रमुख मंदिरों के ऐतिहासिक महत्व, स्थापत्य कला और पर्यटन की संभावनाओं का विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध का निष्कर्ष यह दर्शाता है कि धार्मिक सांस्कृतिक स्थलों का पर्यटन न केवल स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था को बल देता है, बल्कि सांस्कृतिक संरक्षण में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।

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शेखावाटी, सीकर, आध्यात्मिक विरासत, पर्यटन, स्थापत्य कला।

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Investors and traders consistently explore innovative methods to achieve success in stock market trading. Leveraging technical analysis tools, particularly for Nifty, is crucial in anticipating market trends and price fluctuations. A combination of leading and lagging indicators provides valuable insights, aiding decision-making in trading and investments. This study focuses on prominent technical indicators such as machine learning moving average, the SuperTrend, and the Relative Strength Index (RSI), analyzing their parameters and evaluating their potential to create reliable and profitable trading strategies for Nifty.

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Machine Learning,SuperTrend,Relative Strength Index (RSI),Moving Average using Machine Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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वैदिक ज्योतिष शास्त्र में समय की गति और मानव जीवन के कर्मफल का सटीक आकलन करने के लिए अनेक दशा प्रणालियों का अवधान किया गया है। इन प्रणालियों में 'योगिनी दशा' अपने त्रिआयामी तांत्रिक आधार, चक्रीय सममिति और सूक्ष्म फलादेश क्षमता के कारण अत्यंत अनूठी और प्रभावी मानी जाती है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में योगिनी दशा की पौराणिक एवं दार्शनिक पृष्ठभूमि, रुद्रयामल तंत्र में वर्णित इसके रहस्य, और इसकी गणितीय संरचना का सांगोपांग विवेचन प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इसके अतिरिक्त, इस शोध पत्र में मुख्यधारा की दशा प्रणालियों- विंशोत्तरी, अष्टोत्तरी और जैमिनी चर दशा-के साथ योगिनी दशा का एक गहन तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण किया गया है। यह अध्ययन सिद्ध करता है कि गतिशीलता और त्वरित फल प्रकटीकरण के दृष्टिकोण से वर्तमान कलियुग में योगिनी दशा की प्रासंगिकता और अचूकता सर्वोपरि है।

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योगिनी दशा, वैदिक ज्योतिष, विंशोत्तरी दशा, अष्ट योगिनी

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Background: Financial inclusion serves as a critical policy priority for developing economies undergoes rapid digital shifts. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) introduced the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in 2016, modernizing the digital payment space by offering secure, immediate, and interoperable transaction models that bridge gaps to formal financial networks. Objectives: The study evaluates the growth patterns and trajectory of UPI transactions alongside advancements in Indian financial inclusion from 2016 to 2025. It aims to empirically determine the relationship between UPI transaction surges and established macroeconomic financial inclusion metrics. Methodology: Utilizing secondary data derived from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), NPCI, TRAI, MoSPI, and the Department of Financial Services, the research reviews the financial years 2016-17 through 2025-26. The structural analysis utilizes descriptive statistics, annual growth rates, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), trend evaluation, Pearson correlation matrices, and multiple linear regression models. Findings: The findings highlight an exponential rise in both the volume and value of UPI transactions alongside steady gains in broader banking metrics, such as the RBI Financial Inclusion Index and Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) account volumes. Statistical evaluations confirm a strong positive correlation and a significant regression relationship between UPI expansion and improved formal financial access. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that UPI operates as a pivotal digital financial innovation in India, fundamentally reducing cash reliance and accelerating inclusive economic development.

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Unified Payments Interface, Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, RBI Financial Inclusion Index, PMJDY, Digital Economy.

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Sanskrit has served as the foundational language of India's classical knowledge systems, preserving centuries of philosophical, literary, artistic, and scientific traditions. In the field of Indian classical dance, particularly Kuchipudi, Sanskrit occupies a central position as the language of the Natya Shastra by Bharata Muni and the Abhinaya Darpana by Nandikeswara, two seminal treatises that continue to shape dance pedagogy, performance aesthetics, and artistic interpretation. Despite the enduring significance of these texts, contemporary institutional dance education often places greater emphasis on practical training than on developing linguistic competence in Sanskrit. Consequently, many students learn theoretical concepts through translations, limiting their ability to interpret original slokas, comprehend technical terminology, and appreciate the philosophical depth of classical dance. This paper examines the need to integrate Sanskrit into the Kuchipudi curriculum as a pedagogical tool for strengthening theoretical understanding, enriching performance practice, and preserving India's cultural heritage. Adopting a qualitative and descriptive approach, the study draws upon classical treatises, contemporary literature on dance education, curriculum studies, and the principles of the Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) framework. It explores the pedagogical relationship between Sanskrit and Kuchipudi, identifies existing curricular gaps, and proposes a structured framework for incorporating foundational Sanskrit learning into dance education. The study argues that Sanskrit proficiency enables students to engage directly with primary sources, fosters authentic interpretation of rasa, bhava, abhinaya, and hasta terminology, and strengthens the connection between theory and practice. Integrating Sanskrit into Kuchipudi education also contributes to the preservation of intangible cultural heritage by ensuring that the knowledge embedded in classical texts is transmitted accurately to future generations. The paper concludes with recommendations for curriculum developers, universities, and dance institutions to adopt interdisciplinary approaches that reinforce both academic excellence and cultural continuity.

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 Keywords

Kuchipudi, Sanskrit, Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana, Dance Pedagogy, Curriculum Development, Cultural preservation, Indian Knowledge Systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Kala Aur Shilp Ke Sandarbh Mein Bhartiya Tyoharon Aur Sanskritik Utsavon Ki Bhumika

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Kala Aur Shilp Ke Sandarbh Mein Bhartiya Tyoharon Aur Sanskritik Utsavon Ki Bhumika

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AIM: The aim of the study is enhancing eye contact for children with autism spectrum disorder using puppets. METHOD: A quasi-experimental single-group pre-post study was conducted among 20 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) aged 5-10 years attending Sumathy Occupational Therapy Centre, Cuddalore. Participants were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline eye contact was assessed using the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS). A puppet-based occupational therapy intervention focusing on improving eye contact and social interaction was provided for 20 minutes per session, three times per week for 12 weeks (36 sessions). Following the intervention, eye contact was reassessed using the ECAS, and pre- and post-intervention scores were statistically analysed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. RESULT: The study was conducted to improve eye contact in children with autism spectrum disorder. The pre-test and post test scores have been calculated and performed paired 't' tests for the collected data. The bar graph represents the mean value of pre and post. Paired 't' test was used to compare the pre-test and post - test values of participants with eye contact avoidance according to the score in 'EYE CONTACT AVOIDANCE SCALE' This showed that there was a significant improvement in post score compared to pre score resulting in improvement in eye contact (P value<0.005). CONCLUSION: From this study, it is concluded that using puppets as a therapeutic tool, has significantly enhanced eye contact in children with autism spectrum disorder. This method combines the appeal of play with the therapeutic goals of improving social skills and communication skills, offering a creative and effective approach to supporting children in their developmental journey. KEY WORDS: AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, EYE CONTACT AVOIDANCE SCALE, PUPPETS, EYE CONTACT

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AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, EYE CONTACT AVOIDANCE SCALE, PUPPETS, EYE CONTACT

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Consciousness is crucial for awareness and social empathy in activism, as illustrated in Arundhati Roy's essays and novels. The writing addresses caste discrimination and political hypocrisy, emphasizing the importance of social well-being, showcasing community resilience against marginalization, focusing on the Kashmir conflict and systemic inequities. The paper critiques neoliberalism and globalization through characters representing solidarity in various struggles, the narrative address socio-political issues in India, denouncing the exploitation of the poor and advocating for change. The paper condemns environmental destruction which is tied to capitalism, highlighting the ecological degradation of the River Meenachal and connecting social justice with ecological concerns while voicing the struggles of marginalized communities in India's secular democracy.

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Consciousness, discrimination, social, political, Justices, ecology and environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition