Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence has transformed the digital ecosystem by enabling the creation of realistic synthetic images, audio recordings, and videos with minimal human intervention. Although these technological advancements have contributed to innovation across various sectors, they have simultaneously facilitated new forms of cybercrime. Among the most alarming developments is the misuse of deepfake technology to target women through the creation and dissemination of fabricated intimate content, identity impersonation, cyber harassment, online blackmail, and reputational attacks. Such practices threaten women's digital safety and raise serious concerns regarding privacy, dignity, autonomy, and access to justice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI); Generative Artificial Intelligence; Deepfake Technology; Cyber Violence Against Women; Cybercrime; Digital Privacy; Women's Digital Rights; Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence; Information Technology Act, 2000; Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is a vital therapy in modern health care, but the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) is still a huge challenge despite substantial improvements in donor screening. Conventional serological assays can be negative in early infections, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other emerging pathogens continue to pose a threat to blood safety during the diagnostic window period. Therefore, the use of highly sensitive diagnostic technologies for better transfusion safety has become an objective of global importance. Objective: This review aims at critically discussing the principles, diagnostic performance, advantages and disadvantages, application and implementation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid testing (NAT) in blood donor screening with a focus on the advantages, limitations, and clinical applications of these tests. Key findings: ELISA is the main method of routine blood donor screening due to its high specificity, low cost, scalability, and compatibility with automated laboratory systems. However, NAT allows for a direct detection of viral DNA or RNA, thus significantly shortening the window period for HIV, HBV and HCV and minimizing the potential of transmission of viral infections. Based on comparative analysis, both NAT and ELISA have their distinct merits and drawbacks, with NAT being more sensitive in terms of being able to detect pathogens earlier and perform analysis, and ELISA being more cost-effective and accessible, particularly in low-resource areas. These assays are recommended for simultaneous use, as this combination seems to be most effective for increasing blood safety (currently there is evidence supporting that). Implementation challenges in LMICs are also discussed and some emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, CRISPR diagnostics, microfluidic platforms, next-generation sequencing and digital blood management systems are highlighted. Conclusion: A combined molecular and serological screening will increase transfusion safety, early detection of pathogens, and public trust in blood transfusion services. Advances in multiplex molecular diagnostics, automation, digital health technologies and global standardization of blood screening practices will continue to shatter the infection transmission risk associated with transfusion and enhance equitable access to safe blood supplies across the world, in the years ahead.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blood transfusion; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Nucleic acid testing (NAT); Blood donor screening; Transfusion-transmitted infections; Blood safety; Diagnostic window period; Molecular diagnostics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine conditions world-wide. They include a range of both benign and malignant growths. Diagnosing these disorders involves combining cytopathological evaluation, histopathological confirmation, and thyroid function tests (TFTs). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely seen as the first choice for diagnosing thyroid nodules because it is simple, cost-effective, and provides high diagnostic results. Recent studies show a strong connection between cytological and histopathological findings, with agreement rates reaching up to 90% in many cases. This highlights the reliability of FNAC for preoperative assessment. However, differences between cytology and histopathology still occur. These discrepancies are mainly due to sampling errors, similar features in different conditions, and the presence of mixed or unclear lesions. Reported sensitivity and specificity of FNAC change across studies, pointing out the need for consistent reporting systems and team evaluations. Thyroid function tests, which measure serum T3, T4, and TSH levels, give important physiological context. They help distinguish between functional disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and structural problems. Although TFTs alone cannot tell benign from malignant lesions, their link with cytological and histological results improves diagnostic accuracy and helps guide clinical management. Recent findings support a combined diagnostic method that merges cytology, histopathology, radiology, and biochemistry to enhance early detection, reduce unnecessary surgeries, and improve patient outcomes. Developments in molecular diagnostics and imaging techniques further strengthen this link by helping to better classify unclear lesions. In summary, the connection between cytopathological results, histopathology, and thyroid function tests is crucial for thoroughly evaluating thyroid disorders. A teamwork approach is vital for accurate diagnosis, making the right treatment decisions, and improving predictions for patients with thyroid diseases.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Thyroid Nodules, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Histopathology Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs), Cyto-histopathological Correlation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research paper is a humble effort to explore the complex relationship between migration, memory, identity, and the meaning of home in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Queen of Dreams (2004). Through the life of Rakhi, an Indian-American artist living in California, the novel examines how immigrant subjects negotiate between inherited cultural histories and contemporary realities. This study examines that home in the novel is not presented merely as a geographical location but as an emotional, psychological, and imaginative space shaped by memories, dreams, and personal experiences. Rakhi's search for selfhood is deeply connected with her attempt to understand her mother's hidden past and her own fragmented cultural identity. This paper argues that Divakaruni represents identity as a fluid process where belonging emerges through negotiation rather than through attachment to a single place or culture. Through dream symbolism, mother-daughter relationships, and diasporic experiences, the novel explores the hidden dimensions of identity formation and the search for a sense of self. I have attempted to analyse how Divakaruni portrays the struggle of immigrants who continuously negotiate between their past and present. The study contributes to the existing study dealing with the themes of migration, memory, identity and the meaning of home making it relevant today.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diaspora, identity, home, migration, memory, women, dreams, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Anemia is a common blood condition found all over the world and is a significant public health problem, affecting people of all ages. Correct diagnosis in the laboratory is crucial to understand the root cause, the level of the disease, the right treatment and surveillance of the treatment response. The traditional tests used for the evaluation of anemia remain the same: complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear examination, reticulocyte count, iron studies, vitamin B12 and folate level determination, hemolysis markers and a bone marrow examination. Some of these procedures, however, may be not be useful in complex, inherited and atypical cases. The use of flow cytometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, molecular diagnostic techniques, cytogenetics, mass spectrometry, and point of care testing (POCT) have improved the ability of laboratory medicine to make diagnoses.Recent developments in laboratory medicine have improved diagnostic accuracy by using flow cytometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, molecular diagnostic techniques, cytogenetics, mass spectrometry and point of care testing (POCT). Recent advances in the study of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis have introduced new emerging biomarkers including hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), erythroferrone and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). The incorporation of AI, machine learning, digital pathology, and automated hematology platforms has further enhanced diagnostic precision, allowing for quicker data analysis and standardizing interpretation. The focus of future developments will be on multi-omics approaches, single-cell sequencing, wearable diagnostic devices, nanotechnology-based biosensors, lab-on-a-chip technologies and AI-driven precision diagnostics, all of which will help in personalized management of anemia. Combining traditional lab examinations with molecular testing and digital innovations will make a diagnostic process more efficient, better clinical decisions and help achieve better patient outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anemia; Laboratory diagnosis; Hematology; Biomarkers; Flow cytometry; Molecular diagnostics; Artificial intelligence.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bhramari Kumbhaka, Hypertension, Serum Cortisol, Stress

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cardinal Principles, Homeopathy, anatomy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The growth of internet technology and digitalization has made online shopping an essential part of consumers' daily lives. Amazon and Flipkart are the two leading e-commerce platforms widely used by customers in Bagalkote due to their convenience, wide product range, attractive offers, and doorstep delivery. This study aims to examine customer satisfaction towards these platforms and identify the factors that influence their shopping experience. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 respondents through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were gathered from journals, books, and websites. The collected data were analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS with statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and the Independent Sample t-test. The findings reveal that product quality, pricing and offers, delivery services, and payment security with return policies significantly influence customer satisfaction. The study also shows that age, monthly income, and online shopping experience affect customer satisfaction, while gender, education, and occupation do not have a significant influence. Overall, customers are satisfied with both Amazon and Flipkart, with no significant difference in their overall satisfaction levels. The study provides valuable insights that can help e-commerce companies improve their services, strengthen customer trust, and enhance the overall online shopping experience.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customer Satisfaction, Online Shopping, Amazon, Flipkart, E-commerce, Bagalkote.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This is the day of information explosion so huge volume of information is being developed day by day. In this situation, it is clear that no library could not satisfy its users. To solve this problems, library consortium is evolved. In this study library consortia and its present situation in India have been discussed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Library Consortia, e-Journal, Information explosion , Library Cooperation, Inter-library loan ,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the ever-evolving realm of fitness education, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerges as a revolutionary force, reshaping conventional approaches and ushering in a new era of personalized fitness journeys. This article explores the transformative impact of AI on fitness education, unveiling its role in crafting individualized fitness plans, providing real-time performance insights, and delivering interactive virtual coaching experiences. The narrative unfolds through the lens of AI's adaptive fitness training algorithm, showcasing its ability to dynamically tailor fitness regimens based on personal data. As we navigate through the article, we delve into the tangible benefits, challenges, and real-world case studies, offering a comprehensive overview of AI's influence on fitness education. Join us in this exploration where algorithms meet athleticism, and the fitness journey becomes a personalized and empowered endeavor. Discover how AI not only enhances physical well-being but also revolutionizes the very fabric of how we perceive and engage in fitness education, setting the stage for a future where every fitness journey is unique and optimized.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence Intervention Machine learning neural network Physical activity

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition