Volume 8 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

As mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is self-organizing scheme for mobile nodes that interconnect with each other by wireless links with no setup such as access point or base station. Mobile nodes can be directly communicated with each other if node comes in transmission range; the relay nodes are forwarding nodes which send packets to the receivers. In this research paper, we concentration on dissecting and enhancing the most commonly used routing protocol Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) based on the security. Our concentration particularly, is on enhancing the Blackhole Attacks security. We modified the AODV protocol based on the Hash function verification algorithm the name of the modified protocol is Secure-AODV routing protocol. The solution of single and Cooperative blackhole attack are verified with the help of implementation and simulation using network simulator (NS-2.35). Here demonstrate the two scenarios of blackhole attacks 1) consider the single blackhole in the network. 2) Cooperative blackhole scenarios. Our investigation demonstrates the comparison between the single and multiple blackhole in the network. This comparison carried between the Blackhole-AODV-RSA and blackhole-Secure AODV-RSA based the QOS parameter performance of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average end to end delay and Average throughput in the presence of Blackhole attacks. The packet deliver ratio performances are increased and average delay performance is decreased in Secure-AODV-RSA with respect to blackhole AODV-RSA, its increase the performance of the network. The simulation results show that proposed approach (Secure-AODV-RSA) is better than AODV-RSA.

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AODV Blackhole attack MANET Secure-AODV Security

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 Abstract

ABSTRACT� A mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is self-organizing scheme for mobile nodes that interconnect with each other by wireless links with no setup such as access point or base station. Mobile nodes can be directly communicated with each other if node comes in transmission range; the relay nodes are forwarding nodes which send packets to the receivers. In this research paper, we concentration on dissecting and enhancing the most commonly used routing protocol Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) based on the security. Our concentration particularly, is on enhancing the Blackhole Attacks security. We modified the AODV protocol based on the Hash function verification algorithm the name of the modified protocol is Secure-AODV routing protocol. The solution of single and Cooperative blackhole attack are verified with the help of implementation and simulation using network simulator (NS-2.35). Here demonstrate the two scenarios of blackhole attacks 1) consider the single blackhole in the network. 2) Cooperative blackhole scenarios. Our investigation demonstrates the comparison between the single and multiple blackhole in the network. This comparison carried between the Blackhole-AODV and blackhole-Secure AODV based the QOS parameter performance of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average end to end delay and Average throughput in the presence of Blackhole attacks. The packet deliver ratio performances are increased in Secure-AODV with respect to blackhole AODV, its increase the performance of the network. The simulation results show that proposed approach (Secure-AODV) is better than AODV.

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Keywords�AODV, Blackhole attack, MANET, Secure-AODV, Security.

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Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate published literature on the risk of CQ or HCQ treatment in people with epilepsy. In the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment is required against the SARS CoV-2 virus. CQ or HCQ are the proposed drugs that attract the attention of the public. However, the packaging indicates that these medications can relieve patients with epilepsy, and as a result, there are growing concerns in the epilepsy community. Methods: PubMed (1970 to March 27, 2020) and Embase (1970 to March 27, 2020) were CQ or HCQ names and searched for numbness or convulsions. Selected studies were reviewed and drug reactions were bad. Results: Of the 31 studies, only 11 were considered in favor of systematic analysis. With CQ, subjects are worth a prospective case study (n = 109), two case series (n = 6) and six issue reports. After taking 1000 mg, excluding an epileptic patient, the efficacy of CQ varies between 100-500 mg per day. For HCQ, there is a case study (n = 631) and a case report. Clinical trials have failed to identify any significant association between seizures and CQ or HCQ. Conclusions: Despite the increased risk of seizures from packaging, a systematic review highlights that Class 1 evidence does not support such statements. Therefore, practitioners should understand that information on this particular topic is limited to most cases and case reports. . There is little evidence to suggest that these drugs increase the risk of epilepsy.

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Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19, Epilepsy, Neurological issues

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 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Whole world is fighting against single enemy, novel corona virus (nCoV) causing respiratory trouble, the disease originated from Wuhan of China at the end of 2019 (COVID-19) which is very much similar with the corona virus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome, the disease outbrocken in 2003 (SARS). That is why nCoV is also called SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV. Present world is exhausted under massive lockdown and becoming looser day by day. No specific treatment yet to be established except repositioning of some old drugs, though they possess risky side effects. At this juncture to overcome adverse side effects of such drugs, aiming to search naturally occuring candidates targetting to establish a treatment model and to combat the challenge. The traditional plants/spices of bitter taste from Indian origin like Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Indian Lilac/Neem/Nimtree), Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (green chirata/Indian kalmegh), Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd/bitter melon/Indian karela), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Tree of life/Miracle-/Drumstick-/Horseradish tree), Curcuma longa L. (turmeric/Indian Haridra) rhizome and Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin/Kalonji/Indian Kalojeera) seeds commonly pose the antimalarial, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic, immunomodulatory, and antiviral bioactive behaviors as therapeutics. Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine are resembled the same behaviors concomitantly. Both chloroquine(CQ) and hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) are synthetic antimalarial and antiarthritic drugs but recently repurposing the antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. CQ exhibits adverse side effects like vision loss, psychiatric disorder, cramp etc.. But HCQ, hydroxylated derivative of CQ is less toxic than CQ. HCQ on the other hand, it has been linked to some instances of cardiac arrhythmia, macular disorder and liver damage. Present study aiming to evaluate naturally occuring preventive/prophylactic/alternative potentials from Indian perspective searching database from existing literature and internets to overcome such odd side effects of CQ/HCQ on human subjects. The common/signature bioactive behaviors of some Indian traditional bitter plants/spices (SITBP/S) mentioned above and CQ/HCQ are more or less are found to be similar. Moreover SITBP/S exhibits anthelmintic and antiulcer good effects found from literature. Also a di-/tri-/polyherbal formulation could be suggested by constructing a Common base-tetra-triangular (CBTT) model for traditional treatment thus proposed and implimented on a very small group of COVID-19 suspected symptomatic patients from my Instititute at preliminary level, especially as preventive/prophylactic or alternative antiviral approach to SARS-CoV-2, might be rationalized to replace the CQ/HCQ side effective treatment. CBTT model of treatment + azithromycin (AZ) were implimented in presence or absence of antiallergic medications (AAMs) in symptomatic patients those who were denied to go Hospital. Without the AAMs, 7 days delay of recovery was observed. Resulting CBTT model +AZ + AAMs could be repurposed for faster recovery.

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COVID-19, CQ/HCQ: reposition and side effects, reposition of other drugs, SITBP/S and CBTT treatment model

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Reconstruction of the stright line is a very tedious task , given a noisy set of points in a 2D plane. In the reconstruction of the stright line there are several previous studies, all the studies reconstructing only uniform samples. Here implementation of a new approach to strightline reconstruction from noisy pointset. Choosing neighbor hood points and information regarding local density. Solving the surface issue from point sets make extensive use of the fact that the data are grouped into boundaries and the contours are situated in parallel planes. Similarly, specialist algorithms to rebuild surfaces From multiple viewpoint data range may leverage the data points adjacent connection within each. Implementing this reconstruction of stright lines by consistency and density informations.

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LFS, Noisy point sets

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Emily Dickinson�s poem captures various emotions related to life that she presents through her poem. Death is perceived as a life giving force in a different metaphysical sense of understanding. Spiritual crisis coupled with a sense of association with material reality forms a sense of conflict in her poems that she attempts to merge together to form a holistic meaning of life, reality and her worldview. In her worldview, death is treated as a being that helps to transcend the material reality and move towards achieving a sense of unity of being in spiritual sense.

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Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Puritan, Metaphysical, Ecstasy, Embodiment, Existentialist-Crisis.

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One of the most alarming issues of today�s world is exploitation and extinction. Everywhere there is scarcity of resources, unpredictable climatic variations, and unconducive atmosphere resulting in an unfriendly world. There is a drastic change in the natural and the human world due to human greed. Ruskin Bond�s short story �The Leopard� explores the cause of extinction and exploitation and throws light on the relationship between man and the other species. It also brings out the repercussions of misappropriation of natural resources.

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Extinction, Exploitation, Misappropriation, Unconducive

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We study the synthesis of Schiff's base ligand 2-Thiophenyl Ethanal Phenyl hydrazone 2-Carboxylic acid and their metal complexes of divalent Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium. Analytical study of metal salts were done by Half-integral method, Mid- point calculation method and straight line plot method. pH metric titration were carried out with the help of digital pH meter and stability constant of complexes of metal Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd with ligand Synthesized were computed by Irving-Rossotti method modified by Calvin-Bjerrum. The stability constant values of given metal were found to be in the order Cu(II) >Ni(II) >Co(II) >Zn(II) >Cd(II). This result is in arrangement with the natural order proposed by Irving -William.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An Aqua Silencer is used for control of emission and noise in automobile exhaust. By using activated charcoal, perforated tube and outer shell it is constructed. Or in other words Aqua Silencer is a modified version of a conventional silencer aimed at the reduction of toxic emission from the exhaust of an IC engine into the atmosphere and also to reduce the noise that is produced by damping methods which involves water and hence the name. Day by day the Air pollution is going on increasing. The main source of the pollution is Exhaust from automobiles and industries. Hence to reduce these pollutants from Exhaust of Engine a new technology is introduced called Aqua silencer. Decreasing the pollution level is now the main aim for many. Pollution is in many forms, almost every natural thing is now affected by the term pollution. Not only land, water, air, but each and every thing belongs to the planet is now in danger levels of pollution. Already human civilizations woke up to reduce this danger but are not into many things one of such is air. Air pollution is one of the hardest challenges to the humans as it is beyond our hand limits. So there must be a technology for that to decrease the alarming levels of air pollution. The discussed method also aims to bring the increased levels of pollution back to the bottom. In this method the air is being purified by the use of distilled water only, without the use of any synthetic material or chemical substance. Here, the air is made passed through the water so by reaction with water, pollutants stay in it results in clean air. In this method air is being purified by polluting water, but the fact is cleaning water is easy and there are many methods for this but cleaning air needs some boost up in the technology level. An Aqua silencer is a device used to filter the pollutants produced from automobiles such as CO2, CO3 etc., Due to water, the noise is also getting reduced than open environment. Because of this it gets named as AQUA SILENCER.

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 Keywords

Emission control, Air pollution, Internet of things, CO2 sensor, O2 sensor and Pic controller.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition