Volume 7 | Issue 4 | October-November-December-2019

 Abstract

Labyrinth seals are used to perform sealing around the rotating Parts of various mechanical machineries. Its work is to minimize escape of fluid essentially gases from high pressure area to low pressure area this is process by building of series of labyrinth teeth which are arranged to provide a close clearance gap between the stator and rotor components of the machine, this may cause a pressure drop occurs across each gap. The main aim of this study is to discuss the Optimization of Circular-Grooved Square Cavity Labyrinth Seal and CFD Analysis Based on ANN Modelling. The methodology for developing two semi-theoretical-semi-experimental formulae and linking them with the ANN technique for obtaining the optimal CSLS is described in this paper. It is concluded that the CFD analyses of the optimal seals confirmed the improvements caused by the cavity shape and captured performance parameter trends. The Pr values of 1.6 are found in the best circular-grooved square and triangular cavity labyrinth seals.

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 Keywords

CFD, labyrinth seal, CSLS, ANN modelling, etc.

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Abstract: Soft soils such as clay, silt, and organic deposits often exhibit low shear strength, high compressibility, and poor bearing capacity, creating significant challenges for civil engineering construction. Structures founded on such soils are susceptible to excessive settlement and stability issues. Conventional ground improvement methods are frequently expensive, time-consuming, and environmentally intensive. As a result, geosynthetics have gained wide acceptance as an efficient and economical alternative for improving the bearing capacity of soft soils. Geosynthetics, including geotextiles and geogrids, function as soil reinforcement materials by mobilizing tensile resistance, enhancing confinement, and redistributing applied loads. This study investigates the effectiveness of geosynthetic reinforcement in enhancing the bearing capacity and reducing settlement of soft soils. The performance of unreinforced soil is first evaluated to establish baseline behavior. Subsequently, geosynthetic layers are introduced at different depths and configurations to assess their influence on load-settlement response. Laboratory model tests and analytical evaluations are used to examine the effect of reinforcement parameters such as type of geosynthetic, number of layers, and placement depth. The results indicate a significant improvement in ultimate bearing capacity and a noticeable reduction in settlement for reinforced soil systems compared to unreinforced conditions. It is observed that reinforcement placed within the stress influence.

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 Keywords

Index Terms - Soft Soil; Bearing Capacity; Geosynthetics; Geotextiles; Geogrids; Soil Reinforcement; Load-Settlement Behavior; Ground Improvement; Shallow Foundations; Settlement Reduction.

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Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based smart shopping cart that aims to enhance the retail shopping experience and streamline the checkout process. The system utilizes RFID technology to track purchased items, where RFID cards are used by customers to add products to the cart, with options to add, remove, or finalize the quantity using dedicated buttons. A 20x4 LCD display provides real-time information on the purchase session, helping customers track their items. To prevent theft, the cart is equipped with Industrial IR sensors that detects unauthorized item additions during the shopping process, triggering an alert through a buzzer. Once the shopping session is complete, the final bill is sent to the customer via GSM, and payment can be made through various online methods, including UPI, wallets, and credit/debit cards. After payment, an invoice is automatically sent to the customer's mobile phone. Additionally, the system uses Adafruit IO to store and analyse daily shopping data, providing valuable insights for the storeowner, such as sales trends and customer behaviour, via the ESP8266 module. This solution demonstrates a modernized approach to retail shopping by reducing the time spent at checkout and offering convenience to both customers and shop owners. The paper delves into the system architecture, component integration, and the potential scalability of the design for large-scale retail environments.

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 Keywords

Smart Shopping Cart, Automation, Retail Technology, IoT.

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Heat transfer enhancement techniques play a vital role in improving the thermal performance and energy efficiency of heat exchangers used in industrial applications. Among passive enhancement methods, twisted tape inserts are widely recognized for their ability to induce swirl flow and increase turbulence intensity within the flow passage. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape inserts. Experiments are conducted under steady-state conditions for varying Reynolds numbers to evaluate the thermal and hydraulic performance of the system. Key performance parameters such as the Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and friction factor are experimentally measured and compared with a plain tube configuration. In parallel, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the heat exchanger. The numerical results are validated against experimental data to ensure accuracy and reliability. The influence of twisted tape geometry on flow behavior, temperature distribution, and turbulence generation is analyzed in detail. Results demonstrate a significant enhancement in heat transfer performance with twisted tape inserts, accompanied by an increase in pressure drop. A comprehensive thermo-hydraulic performance evaluation is carried out to assess the overall effectiveness of the enhancement technique. The combined experimental and numerical findings confirm that twisted tape inserts offer a practical and efficient solution for improving heat exchanger performance in energy-intensive thermal systems.

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 Keywords

Shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Heat transfer enhancement, Twisted tape inserts, Experimental analysis, Numerical simulation, CFD, Nusselt number, Pressure drop, Thermo-hydraulic performance.

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Energy efficiency has become a critical design consideration in embedded systems due to the increasing demand for low-power and portable electronic devices. ARM-based processors are widely adopted in embedded applications because of their reduced power consumption, high performance, and flexible architecture. This paper presents an experimental analysis of energy consumption in an ARM-based embedded system under different operating conditions. The proposed system evaluates power usage by monitoring voltage and current parameters while executing various computational tasks and operating modes such as active, idle, and sleep states. The hardware platform is developed using an ARM-based microcontroller with peripheral interfaces and a regulated power supply unit. Software routines are designed to control task execution and record power-related parameters for analysis. The collected data is used to compare energy consumption across different functional modes and workload conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that significant power savings can be achieved by optimizing operating modes and task scheduling in ARM-based embedded systems. The outcomes of this study provide useful insights for designing energy-efficient embedded applications, particularly in battery-operated and low-power environments. The proposed analysis approach can be effectively applied to industrial automation, portable devices, and embedded monitoring systems.

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ARM Processor, Embedded Systems, Energy Consumption, Power Analysis, Low Power Design, ARM-Based Microcontroller, Energy Efficiency.

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Parental aspirations play a significant role in shaping the academic, emotional, and psychological development of students, especially at the higher secondary level, which is a crucial stage for career decision-making. While positive parental expectations can motivate students to achieve higher academic goals, excessive aspirations and pressure may lead to stress, anxiety, and reduced well-being among students. The present study aims to examine the nature and extent of parental aspirations and pressure experienced by higher secondary level students. It seeks to analyze how parental expectations influence students' academic performance, motivation, self-concept, and emotional adjustment. The study also explores variations in parental pressure based on factors such as gender, academic stream, and family background. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for parents, teachers, and educational planners to understand the balance between healthy encouragement and undue pressure. The study emphasizes the need for supportive parental involvement that fosters students' academic growth while safeguarding their mental health and overall development.

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"A Study of Parental Aspirations and Pressure among Higher Secondary Level Students."

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This paper offers a scholarly examination of Chetan Bhagat's literary works and their subsequent cinematic adaptations, analyzing their core themes, distinctive narrative styles, and profound socio-cultural impact on contemporary Indian youth. It delves into the intricate process of literary adaptation within Indian Hindi cinema, highlighting the inherent challenges and notable successes encountered during the transition from page to screen. By comparatively analyzing selected novel-to-film adaptations, the report elucidates the nuanced audience reception and the broader cultural significance of Bhagat's oeuvre. The analysis positions Bhagat as a pivotal literary and cultural figure who has democratized English fiction in India while simultaneously sparking crucial societal dialogues through his accessible narratives.

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The Interplay of Narrative and Adaptation: An Examination of Chetan Bhagat's Novels and Its Cinematic Manifestations

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E-governance has emerged as a transformative force to reform government through technology, fundamentally shifting the relationship between citizens and government institutions. This study examines the impact of e-governance initiatives on democratic processes in India, analyzing how digital technologies have enhanced transparency, accountability, and citizen participation while simultaneously presenting new challenges. Through comprehensive analysis of secondary sources, government reports, and policy documents, this research evaluates major e-governance programs including Digital India, Aadhaar, Right to Information (RTI) portals, e-procurement systems, and e-panchayats. The findings reveal that e-governance has significantly improved service delivery, reduced corruption, and enhanced citizen engagement, though challenges persist regarding digital divide, privacy concerns, and implementation gaps. The study concludes that while e-governance has strengthened democratic governance in India, a more inclusive and comprehensive approach is necessary to realize its full potential in bridging the gap between citizens and government.

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E-governance; Democracy; Digital India; Citizen participation; Transparency; Accountability

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Whenever we talk of British critical vision in colonial India we encompass a geo-space which is inhabited not only by the natives but as well as by the members of the ruling class. The latter include the British men and women, the women popularly being called the 'Memsahibs'. One of the distinguishing features of the discursive practice during this epoch is the greater visibility of the white woman and a conscious attempt at inventing stereotypes. The two major cultural constructs which come out of the critical machinery of the period seek to present the memsahib firstly as the stereotype of the 'idle, pleasure-seeking, materialistic and adulterous memsahib' (Sen 20) which was often set up against the normative figures of her virtuous, metropolitan counterpart and secondly inscribing the memsahib as a 'tragic exile shouldering hardships, discomforts, tragedies and making sacrifices equal to any male counterpart in the course of empire building' (Sen 45).

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'Memsahibs'

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The study introduces a finite element formulation to examine how different localized in-plane edge stresses influence the buckling characteristics of interlayer hybrid fiber metal laminates (HFMLs). The panel has been constructed utilizing a plate element, incorporating the influences of rotating inertia and shear deformation. The present findings align with readily available literature, validating the efficacy of the current formulation. This study employs aluminum metal face sheets that are encased in four-layered, symmetric hybrid cross-ply and angle-ply laminate configurations. The integration of carbon and glass epoxy interlayer composite laminates is known as hybrid. Each scheme has analyzed six unique hybrid combinations, and the performance of each hybrid combination is evaluated across different loading scenarios. This study examines the influence of various parameters, such as panel aspect ratio, panel thickness, boundary conditions, and hybrid configurations. Analyzing mode shapes offers a comprehensive examination and clarification of the influence of each parameter.

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 Keywords

Boundary conditions, Aspect ratio, Structural Stability, Symmetric Cross Ply, Symmetric Angle Ply.

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