Volume 7 | Issue 4

 Abstract

Labyrinth seals are used to perform sealing around the rotating Parts of various mechanical machineries. Its work is to minimize escape of fluid essentially gases from high pressure area to low pressure area this is process by building of series of labyrinth teeth which are arranged to provide a close clearance gap between the stator and rotor components of the machine, this may cause a pressure drop occurs across each gap. The main aim of this study is to discuss the Optimization of Circular-Grooved Square Cavity Labyrinth Seal and CFD Analysis Based on ANN Modelling. The methodology for developing two semi-theoretical-semi-experimental formulae and linking them with the ANN technique for obtaining the optimal CSLS is described in this paper. It is concluded that the CFD analyses of the optimal seals confirmed the improvements caused by the cavity shape and captured performance parameter trends. The Pr values of 1.6 are found in the best circular-grooved square and triangular cavity labyrinth seals.

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CFD, labyrinth seal, CSLS, ANN modelling, etc.

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP) occurs due to the movement of particles in a non-uniform electric field, resulting from the continuous interaction between the particle dipole and the spatial gradient of the electric field. DEP is a commonly utilized technique for particle manipulation in microfluidic devices and is employed in the separation of microparticles such as malignant blood cells, DNA, and other nanoparticles. Besides DEP, other techniques, like centrifugation, are used for particle sorting. DEP is particularly advantageous for sorting blood cells due to its microscale manipulation capabilities and favorable scaling system. This work involves a computational analysis of the separation of blood components, primarily RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. The separation process is based on the properties of blood cells, including their significantly differing sizes and dielectric properties. Various studies and experiments have presented models with specific electrode shapes, inlets, and outlets to achieve cell separation. Modifying the shape and physical dimensions of the electrodes can enable cell separation at a low voltage, as particles are influenced by the electric potential applied to the electrodes and deflect within the channel medium. This study examines the effects of changes in shape, applied voltage, and physical dimensions using two model designs. A comparative analysis of these models with existing ones is conducted, leading to the development and analysis of an optimized design for efficient blood particle separation. The design, modeling, and simulations are performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM).

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP), Particle manipulation, Microfluidic devices, Microparticles, Blood cell separation, Red blood cells (RBCs), White blood cells (WBCs), Platelets, Electrode shapes, Electric potential, Computational analysis, Finite Element Method (FEM).

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This research investigates the challenges on education of scheduled tribes in the undivided Koraput, Bolangir and Kalahandi (KBK) districts of Odisha, India. The study utilises secondary data collected from 510 households through a well-designed interview schedule during 2016-17. This study investigates the effects of diverse supply and demand factors that affect the enrolment of tribal children, employing tables, percentages, ratios, and the Probit regression model as analytical tools. The enrolment of children from Scheduled Tribes is notably influenced by a range of supply-side factors, such as the proximity to educational institutions, linguistic barriers, school operating hours, curriculum demands, and inadequate infrastructure. Challenges on the demand side encompass parental poverty, large family size, cost of education, parental illiteracy, and domestic responsibilities. The phenomenon of economic hardship serves as a significant determinant of low enrolment rates, particularly affecting children from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. This demographic, especially females involved in domestic labour, encounters elevated opportunity costs and extended working hours, which further exacerbate their educational challenges. Regression analysis indicates a positive correlation between enrolment and variables such as family economic status and parental education, while the proximity to forested areas has a discernible impact on attendance rates. Enrolment exhibits an inverse relationship with the distance from educational institutions and a positive correlation with the quality of school infrastructure. Thus, parental motivation is considered crucial for reducing dropout rates and enhancing enrolment among ST children. Improving the enrolment ST children requires that educational institutions located in residential areas are sufficiently equipped with essential infrastructure amenities.

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Constraints, education, tribal, KBK districts, Odisha, India

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 Abstract

India has the largest democracy in the world and one of the important feature of the Indian Party System is the presence of a large number of regional parties, which basically means "a party operating within a limited geographical area and its activities are restricted only to a single or few states". India has a multi-party system with recognition conferred to national, state and district level parties. Those political parties who wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. The status is reviewed periodically by the Election Commission of India (ECI). A recognized party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol, free broadcast time on state run television and radio, a consultation in setting of election dates and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. As per recent publication from Election Commission of India (2018), the total number of parties registered in India is 2,598, out of which, 8 are National parties, 52 are recognized as State parties and 2,538 are unrecognized parties. Registered parties are considered as recognized national or state level parties based upon their party's objective criteria. These regional parties functions simultaneously with national parties and will have huge influence and impact on national politics. Compared to the more comprehensive objectives of national political parties, these regional parties represent the interest, needs and requirements of a particular area. Regional parties necessarily concentrate on specific issues, such as, usage of river water, creating local job opportunities, meeting the local needs of the people etc., In simple words, regional parties differ from National parties both in terms of their objectives, outlook, operations as well as the interests they pursue. This paper attempts to highlight the role and influence casted by regional parties in exercising national policies and politics.

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Democracy, Election system, Multi Party system, Regional Parties, Local objectives, Regional demand.

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This paper explores the impact of global theatrical trends on the experimental theatre movement in India. By analyzing the intersections between international avant-garde practices and Indian experimental theatre, it provides a comparative analysis of how these global influences have shaped theatrical innovations within the Indian context. The study investigates key elements such as narrative techniques, staging, and audience interaction, highlighting how Indian theatre artists have adapted and integrated global practices while maintaining cultural relevance. Through case studies of influential productions and practitioners, the paper illustrates the dynamic exchange between global and local theatrical practices and its contribution to the evolution of contemporary Indian theatre

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Global Influence, Indian Experimental Theatre, Avant-Garde, Narrative Techniques, Staging, Audience Interaction

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ABSTRACT A lung cavity is an air containing space surrounded by a wall of variable thickness{1} Cavitary lung lesions are commonly encountered on imaging,while the cause of pulmonary cavities can be varied depending on its etiology like infection,which may be bacterial or viral{2} .Similarly fungal infection like Aspergillus,Mucor or Candida sp is commonly seen in immunocompromised persons like HIV patients, alcoholics or elderly persons with poor oral hygiene or may be in patients with seizure disorders{3}.Presentation is usually with cough fever malaise.Endemic fungi like Histoplasma or blastomyces and coccidomyces may be causative agents of pulmonary cavities in immunocompetent hosts{4-5} There could be mixed causative factors in immunocompromised patients{6-7} Here we report an interesting case of multiple pulmonary cavities that posed a diagnostic challenge due to its clinical presentation and final treatment outcome.

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Pulmonary cavity, Atypical Pneumonia ,Community Aquired Pneumonia

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The Kerala State Cooperative Bank (KSCB) has played a pivotal role in the financial landscape of Kerala, contributing significantly to economic development and financial inclusion. This study conducts a comprehensive performance analysis of KSCB over the decade from 2007-08 to 2017-18, utilizing secondary data from NAFSCOB and other reputable sources. The analysis focuses on key financial indicators, including paid-up share capital, total reserve funds, total deposits, total loans, and working capital, alongside important financial ratios such as the deposit to loan ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and loan to asset ratio. Key findings indicate a substantial growth in paid-up share capital with a CAGR of 40.61%, reflecting significant capital strengthening efforts. While total reserve funds experienced a negative CAGR of -2.72% with notable volatility, total deposits grew steadily at a CAGR of 5.64%, demonstrating increased public trust and effective deposit mobilization. Total loans showed moderate growth with a CAGR of 3.05%, aligning with KSCB's cautious lending strategy, and working capital exhibited a robust CAGR of 9.85%, indicating improved liquidity and operational capacity. The ratio analysis highlights strategic shifts between conservative and aggressive lending approaches, efforts to bolster financial strength, and adjustments in risk exposure. The findings underscore KSCB's adaptability and resilience, providing critical insights for policymakers, bank management, and stakeholders to guide future strategies for sustainable growth and financial stability.

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Kerala State Cooperative Bank (KSCB), Financial Indicators, Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Year-on-Year (YoY) Growth, Ratio Analysis, Cooperative Banking

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Feminism tends to be thought of as a movement of women, and many feminists absolutely reject the idea of allowing men into it. However, men can be as strongly opposed to the injustices from which women suffer as women can. Feminism is not concerned with a group of people it wants to benefit, but with a type of injustice it wants to eliminate. It is not just movement in favour of women, but also a movement against injustice. The people touched upon many issues of slavery. Their works discuss the troubles experienced within slavery--jealous mistresses, sexual exploitation, intelligence as a blessing or curse, community, and motherhood - as well as those that extended past the abolition--continued servitude, the pains and rewards of remembering, and the search for self-worth--and even the issues faced and decisions made by black women in the process of writing and publication.

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Feminism, Patriarchy, Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism, Socialist Feminism.

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River bank erosion is one of the major and unpredictable hazards worldwide. It has long-term consequences on human life and river ecology. It has many faces, like flood, land slide, soil erosion which directly or indirectly effects on the environment of river basin area. Many cases are recorded in hill and semi-hill, even plain region also, where riverbank erosion creates various environmental problems like destruction of forest due to land slide and erosion, loss of land and degrade of water quality etc. Bank erosion is a very silent killer of basin environment.

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River Bank, Environmental Degradation, , Loss of land, Bank Erosion, Soil Erosion,.

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The history of the Open & Distance Learning (ODL) education system in our country is now three decades old. In the phase of rapidly transformation in higher education in our country these universities have the common mandate to reach the disadvantaged group of the people in our society in terms of access and equity for higher education, particularly the distance and remote areas of the country. Two main factors have led to an explosion of interest in distance learning: the growing need for continual skills upgrading and retraining; and the technological advances that have made it possible to teach more and more subjects at a distance. As a force contributing to social and economic development, ODL is fast becoming an accepted and indispensable part of the mainstream of educational systems in both developed and developing countries, with particular emphasis for the latter.

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Student Support Services (SSSs) in Open and Distance Learning Institutions of Assam

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Literacy is growing fast in all the regions of the world. In India too more children are now getting education than before. But it is important to ask whether all the regions and states of India are growing equally or is there a variation, whether children are getting the minimum facilities in school, and all the regions and states of India are equally providing educational facilities to their children. This paper aims to analyze the status of primary education in India's North East. The analysis is carried out on the basis of some parameters associated with primary education, and it indicates the existence of intra-regional disparities in development of primary education.

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Primary education, Educational facilities, Northeast States

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This study aims to evaluate the training management policies and practices at Dilla University. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional case study was conducted, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to ensure a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the subject. Multi-step sampling techniques were employed, beginning with the stratification of the target population, followed by simple random sampling within each stratum. Additionally, judgmental sampling was applied for key informant interviews. A combination of primary and secondary sources was utilized to address the research questions, depending on the nature of the information sought. Comprehensive research instruments, including structured questionnaires and interviews, were developed and employed to collect data for analysis. The study's findings, presented through descriptive analysis, highlighted several key insights. The training management policy, an integral component of the university's human resource department, is designed to enhance employee quality and capability while ensuring the delivery of efficient and dependable services. Furthermore, the university's training practices have demonstrated adaptability to changes in the workplace, effectively enhancing the skills and knowledge of employees. However, in terms of employee selection for training, the study found that performance appraisal and seniority in service years are the most commonly practiced criteria. Notably, the study revealed deficiencies in training needs analysis. This issue stems from barriers such as the absence of a clear training policy and challenges in precisely identifying the required skills, knowledge, and personal attitudes. This assessment sheds light on the strengths and shortcomings of training management policies and practices at Dilla University, offering valuable insights for potential improvements and future development in this critical area.

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 Keywords

Training Management, Dilla University, Assessment, Training Policies, Employee Development

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The architectural education landscape in India stands at a crossroads, witnessing transformation in the wake of the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020. This policy emphasizes holistic and multidisciplinary learning, demanding a reevaluation of architectural pedagogy. Architects today engage with diverse facets of society, technology, and culture, necessitating a departure from traditional silos. This research paper reviews the key provisions of NEP 2020, their impact on architectural education, and international best practices. It concludes with recommendations for reimagining architectural education in India within the context of NEP 2020, aimed at fostering adaptability, relevance, and quality.

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Architectural Education, NEP 2020, Holistic Learning, Multidisciplinary Pedagogy, Reimagining Education

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This research paper explores the evolving landscape of responsible building envelopes and their crucial role in sustainable construction. While traditional building envelope design has primarily focused on optimizing energy efficiency, this paper argues that it is essential to transition beyond a narrow focus on energy consumption. Addressing broader sustainability challenges, including resource utilization, environmental impacts, and occupant well-being, necessitates embracing responsible building envelopes. Responsible building envelopes encompass considerations that extend beyond energy efficiency, such as material choices, life cycle analysis, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Drawing insights from the literature on energy transitions and sustainability principles, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on responsible building envelopes and their significance in the transition toward sustainable construction practices.

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Building Envelopes, Sustainability, Energy Efficiency, Responsible Design, Material Choices, Renewable Energy, Transition.

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The construction industry is an intricate web of operations, where the convergence of architectural design, spatial planning, and the logistics of construction projects are vital. In this paper, we examine the often underestimated yet essential element within construction sites - food. We investigate the interplay of food, space, and architecture and analyze their profound implications on the health and safety of construction workers. Moreover, we explore how this nexus significantly influences project costs, underlining the potential cost savings that stem from improved health and safety measures. The research ultimately underscores the critical importance of recognizing the intricate relationship between food, spatial design, architecture, and the broader construction context.

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Construction, Health and Safety, Architecture, Food, Cost Implications, Spatial Design, Workers.

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Air pollution is the result of multiple human activities and natural calamities. Over the years, a number of natural activities such as volcanoes, forest fires, lightning possibly release various pollutants in the environment but the atmosphere has not been so much affected as is now being done by anthropogenic activities. Air pollution is determined by the introduction of harmful substances including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), Gases (e.g. carbon monoxide (CO), dioxides of Nitrogen (NOx), ground level ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) , organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH]), and metals in higher concentration pass through the environment. Air pollution is the main cause for the Cardio-vascular dysfunctions, respiratory and neurological disorders among human, while it impacts wildlife and plant too. More, it is also responsible for climate change as it causes global warming, ozone layer depletion and acid rain etc. This paper discusses about the air pollution and its impact on environment and human health.

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pollutants; environment; acid rain; global warming; neurological disorder

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Currently, India has the second-largest senior population in the world, and it is expected that this population will continue to grow by the year 2050. However, India lacks the necessary knowledge and resources to maintain the health and wellbeing of the elderly population, so it is necessary to study the issues that senior citizens face on a daily basis. The present study aims to find out the adjustment problems of senior citizens. Sample consisted of 80 aged subjects. Out of them 40 male and 40 female participants. Age ranges of the aged sample from 60-65 years. Shamshad -Jasbir Old age Adjustment Inventory was administered to collect the data. Result revealed that there is significant difference in overall adjustment of aged male and female respondents. Male have better adjustment than females. Also, there is significant difference in health, home, social, marital, emotional, and financial adjustment of the respondents.

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Adjustment, Senior citizens

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A sixth of India's population, but not its land, is made up of them. They control, at most, a meager fraction of a sixth of Indians' territory. In fact, most governments in this nation are unable to give even the most rudimentary information about the lands that dalits hold or have received as distributions. Nobody disputes the fact that they are largely landless and that, when they do own land, it is marginal and sometimes of poor quality. Second, there is a distinct caste geography in Indian irrigation. Upper castes cultivate near the tail waters, followed by intermediate castes in the center, and dalits in the middle.

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Population, Agricultural laborers, marginal caste, demographics

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United Nation Organization was established on 24 October 1945 in San Francisco conference1 and since than an important part of world politics. Its primary concern was to remove war and maintain peace and security. Since its inceptions there were five permanent members enjoying veto power and this veto power where as India is advocating structural reform of UN, to make it more democratic and more representative of all the regions. In many respect India deserves permanent seat in the in the restructured U.N security council. Any reforms to this effect need amendment of the Charter as per Article 108 of the Charter. So realizing this Ban Ki-moon, the former Secretary General of UNO remarked that "The U.N Security Council reform, being debated since two decades is too long overdue and the necessary expansion must be made considering how much the world has changed."

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Reforms, Veto Power, Big power, P-5, Permanent seat, U.N. Security Council, Restructured, Democratization, Proper Representation

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is regarded as a "Silver Bullet" for eliminating rural unemployment and stimulating the demand for labor-force in Indian villages. It is a flagship program of the GOI that aims to achieve inclusive growth while directly affecting the lives of rural impoverished people. The program aims to strengthen the livelihood security of families living in rural areas and to offer at least 100 days of guaranteed paid employment to each family whose adult members are willing to perform manual labour. In August 2005, the GOI presented the Act. This significant piece of law reinforces India's status as a welfare state. There is now no alternative to this scheme in India, which has improved the standard of living of the rural dwellers in such a remarkable way. With this backdrop in mind, the study aims to investigate how this program has been able to lessen the unemployment issue in the Pranganj Gram Panchayat of the South 24 Parganas district and how it instilled hope by providing livelihood security to villagers during the epidemic.

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 Keywords

GOI, MGNREGA, Flagship scheme, Employment, Unskilled labour

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