Volume 9 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Introduction: In today's age of evidence- based medicine and continuing use of folk remedies for the treatment of medical conditions warrants evaluation. While going through the literatures, there are limited numbers of studies related to knowledge, attitude, and practices during common childhood illness among mothers. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and attitude of the mothers towards care of the child during common childhood illnesses and to find the relationship between knowledge of mothers during common childhood illnesses. It was also found there was significant positive correlation (p<0.001) between knowledge and attitude. The study concluded that majority of mothers have good knowledge and favourable attitude towards care of the child during common childhood illnesses.

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 Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude, Common Childhood Illnesses

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Society marks the beginning of any civilization. Before understanding the poems of Nissim Ezekiel and Keki N. Daruwalla we should understand the proper meaning and function of social aspects. Society is constructed through some set up rules which include religion and language. This acts like a tool in constructing a healthy society. After religion and language there comes education which distinguishes human beings from other creatures of the earth. We all know such things but we take these things as for granted and that is why we have anti social elements and criminals in our society. No society can exist without these antisocial elements and criminals. I am talking about anti social elements and criminals because keki N. Daruwalla has served in Indian Police Service and he has a wide experience of reading characters in the society. It is visible in his poems and it is one of the reasons that we should understand the proper strata of the society. History has witnessed so many civilizations which vanished with the flow of time. Every society were nurtured according to the demand of time and thus it is clear that time plays a very important role in constructing any society. Let us not be confused between civilization and society. They are not synonyms to each other but they complete each other.

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 Keywords

Society, Nissim Ezekiel, Religion, Language, Rules

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 Abstract

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 Keywords

People, Knowledge, Practice, Viral fever, Dengue, Prevention.

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The water needs of the hilly people for generations have been met by natural sources of water. Traditionally, Tuikhur (i.e., water seepages accumulated in artificially fabricated reservoirs and springs water collected in artificial tanks) on the hill slopes and collection of rainwater is used as the main source of drinking water in Aizawl. The affordability of water has a significant influence on the use of water and selection of water sources. The high cost of water may force households to use alternative sources of water of poorer quality that may present a greater risk to health. Furthermore, high costs of water may reduce the volumes of water used by households, which in turn may influence hygiene practices and increase risks of disease transmission.

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Income group, water sources, principal source of water

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Flora is the breathing spores of ecosystem which holds the surface of earth to its heart. It is the green mirror of the ecosystem that absorbs toxic gases and makes the fresh. It ranges from the tiny Wolffia species (water meal) to giant water lily. A total of 111 vascular plant under 24 orders and 49 families were recorded. 110 were angiosperms and 1 gymnosperm. Poaceae is the dominant family. Based on the IVI values, we can identify the richly and poorly established plant species. Ludwigia grandiflora registered the highest IVI value of 16.33 and it is the richly established plant species. Conservation is essential to protect biodiversity and to impede the ongoing and upholding loss of plant diversity.

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Flora, flora survey, phytosociological analysis, kanayannur, biodiversity, quadrant

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Swaraj, Akshaya Tarak, Utkal Sammilani, Vasudhaivakutumbakam, Namakaran, Memorandum, Self-Propaganda

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The study carried out to document the diversity of plants of the Urdhook hills, Kuttiady, Kozhikode district, Kerala. The present study reported 75 plant species belonging to 33families. A total of around 26 people was interviewed in more than one times in the age of 30-70 years and the data are collected from them. The medicinal plants are mainly used for diarrhoea, fever, cold, cough, snake bites, wound healing, diabetes, female disorders and asthma. Some plants such as Hamelia patens, Psidium guajava, Plectranthus amboinicus, Alternanthera sessilis, Lawsonia inermis, Clitoria ternatea, Adhatoda vasica, and Cyathillium cinereum are used to treat menstrual problems. Some plants are used local people to treat snake bites. The plants are used to treat snake bites such as Anacardium occidentale, Asystasia gangetica, Blepharis maderaspatensis, Cassia tora, Clitoria ternata, Leucas aspera, Urena lobata and Centrosema pubescens. Medicinal plants are documented along with their binomial name, local name, family and medicinal uses. Medicinal plants include herbs (41), shrubs (15), trees (9), climbers (8) and subshrubs (2). In the study leaves are mainly used for the preparation of medicines. Among the 75 plant species some plants are listed to the categories of Rare Endangered Threatened (RET). Conservation and knowledge of RET plants are helps for the sustainable development.

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Urdhook hills, Traditional healers, RET plants, Medicinal plants

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Citrus sinensis, which is commonly known as sweet orange, is a powerful natural antioxidant that intensify body immune system. It is also known to be the source of various phytochemicals. This present study was aimed for the preliminary phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of C.sinensis pulp. Phytochemicals were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative analysis of C.sinensis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and saponins. The quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in methanolic extract revealed that the presence of polyphenols (37.79) were maximum, followed by tannins (21.6), then flavonoid (9.6) and saponin (9.5). Polyphenols were dominant followed by tannins. Alkaloids were present in least amount. The antioxidant activity were assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Six varying concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm) of methanol solvent extract of orange demonstrated different percentage of inhibition. Appealingly the scavenging activity of extract increased in a concentration dependent manner. The 25 ppm extract showed the best antioxidant activity in DPPH that is 24.63 %.

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Citrus sinensis, preliminary phytochemical evaluation, antioxidant activity

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Abstract: Physical and chemical pollutants of drinking water harm public health and can have immediate health implications. The present study's data was used to assess groundwater quality in rural villages in the Korba district of Chhattisgarh, India. During 2019 and 2020, water samples were obtained from 10 selected random water samples to determine the basic physicochemical parameters. Physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and turbidity, as well as chemical parameters such as total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, sulphates, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, iron, arsenic, lead and zinc, were calculated in situ. The physicochemical parameters of the water samples were determined using the APHA process. WQI implementation is needed for proper management of the present study area, and it would be a very useful tool for the public and policymakers to assess the water quality of rural areas in the Korba district's southeastern areas for long-term management.

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Keywords: Pollutants, WQI, APHA, Physicochemical parameters.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pharmaceutical researchers are always in quest of a better drug delivery system for the best performance in bioavailability, technological and process outputs. Decades of significant work has already developed several drug carriers for this purpose. Nanogel, considered as the next-generation delivery system, is currently at the forefront of research. It has been shown that nanogel is a suitable carrier for the delivery of a vaccine, hormones, and proteins. Due to the benefits over conventional dosage form. The present review is aimed to update the reader on nanogel properties, synthesis methods, evaluation tests, and applications. Nanogel has safer to be a better option to encapsulate hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs to achieve a controlled or sustained release. The nanosize provides high penetration property as well as stimuli-responsive delivery, hence it is preferred for targeted drug delivery with minimum side effects in cancer therapy and CNS treatment. Nanogels are widely recognized as enticing drug delivery systems due to their high bioavailability and biodegradability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanogel, Hydrogel, Nano Carrier, Microgel, Drug Delivery System, skin penetration, targeted drug delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition