Volume 11 | Issue 11 | November-2023

 Abstract

This research examines the social maturity of adolescents belonging to high and low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Adolescence is a transitional stage characterized by significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes, and social maturity--reflecting self-direction, responsibility, cooperation, tolerance, and adaptability--plays a crucial role in shaping personality and future societal contributions. Since socio-economic conditions determine access to resources, opportunities, and experiences, this study investigates how SES influences adolescents' social maturity. The research involved 600 adolescents from 12 secondary schools in Udaipur district, selected through lottery and purposive sampling. The participants were equally divided into high-SES (parents' annual income above INR50,000) and low-SES (income below INR20,000) groups. Data were collected using the Nalini Rao Social Maturity Scale, covering dimensions such as work orientation, self-direction, stress tolerance, communication, enlightened trust, cooperation, social commitment, social tolerance, and acceptance of change. Income certificates were used to classify SES. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, t-test, and Z-scores. Findings indicated that high-SES students scored average in most dimensions, showed above-average performance in communication and cooperation, but recorded the lowest level in social tolerance. In contrast, low-SES students performed average in several domains, scored above average in cooperation and social commitment, and displayed high levels of social tolerance, though their stress tolerance was at the lowest level. Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in work orientation, self-direction, cooperation, social commitment, and acceptance of change, suggesting parity across SES groups. However, significant differences emerged in stress tolerance, communication, enlightened trust, and social tolerance, with high-SES students excelling in communication, while low-SES students demonstrated stronger tolerance and trust. The study concludes that socio-economic status does affect certain dimensions of social maturity but not all. While both groups exhibit similar levels of responsibility and commitment, differences emerge in emotional resilience and interpersonal trust. Educationally, the findings highlight the need for targeted interventions--enhancing stress management skills among low-SES students while fostering tolerance and trust among high-SES students. The study emphasizes that balanced social maturity is essential for adolescent adjustment and long-term social contribution, making it crucial for educators, parents, and policymakers to design programs that address socio-economic disparities in adolescent development.

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 Keywords

social maturity of adolescents, high and low socio-economic status (SES) .

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Oral route of drug administration is the most convenient and commonly used method of drug delivery. However, this route has several physiological problems. Including an unpredictable gastric emptying rate that varies from person to person, a brief gastrointestinal transit time (80-12h), and the existence of an absorption window in the upper small intestine for several drugs. Development of rate controlled drug delivery systems to overcome physiological adversities such as short gastric residence times and unpredictable gastric emptying times. Differences in gastric physiology such as gastric pH and motility exhibit both intra and inter subject variability demonstrating significant impact on gastric residence time and drug delivery behavior. This triggered an increased interest towards formulation of novel delivery systems which retained in the stomach for prolonged and predictable period of time. Several approaches such as floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bioadhesive systems, modified shape systems, high density systems or other delayed gastric emptying devices.

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 Keywords

floating drug delivery systems, absorption window, rate controlled drug delivery systems, gastric residence times, bioadhesive systems and gastric emptying times

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The main objective of the present study was to develop floating sustained release formulation containing 600 mg of Pregabalin for once daily therapy by using polymers like HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, PEO. Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System improves the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of drug. In the preformulation FTIR study was carried out for pure drug (Pregabalin), Pregabalin and excipients. It has not shown any interaction. The prepared floating sustained release tablets were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability and drug content uniformity. The formulated sustained release matrix tablets were then evaluated for various physical characteristics like thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content. Compared to all formulations F6 showed the best buoyancy lag time, the buoyancy lag time for F6 was foud to be 50Sec.Total floating time of all formulations was found to be >12 hours. The formulation containing HPMC K 100M shows the higher swelling compared to that of the formulations containing PEO, Sodium CMC

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floating sustained release formulation, HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, PEO, buoyancy and buoyancy lag time

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Mucoadhesive patches of Sexagliptin containing 1 mg of drug were prepared successfully using HPMC (15 and 47 cps), PVA, and ethylcellulose polymers in different combinations and there were total six films were prepared. Optimized formula was evaluated and drug release pattern was studied. Water soluble polymers showed highest release compared to water insoluble polymers. More over the viscosity of the polymer also affects the drug release pattern. Formulations followed the zero order kinetics and Higuchi's model for drug release. In vivo absorption of drug in rabbits found that 80.14% within 30 min from the optimized formula. The in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) was attempted for the release and absorption of Sexagliptin from the patches. The correlation coefficient for patch BP-V was 0.996.

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Mucoadhesive patches, Sexagliptin, HPMC, zero order kinetics and Higuchi's model

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Morana Gureghar dam, seasonal variations, physic-chemical parameters.

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Videos have a long-term effect on learners. YouTube plays a major role in enhancing the learning of school students after school hours whenever they need to study at their own pace. When they learn from YouTube, the same concept can be explained by different teachers, and the best part is that they can learn at their own pace. YouTube acts as a complementary learning platform that fulfils the learning needs of learners with educational videos. The purpose is to find out the effects of YouTube educational Videos on learning among school students as Net Generation learners. The research is related to Educational Technology in which a questionnaire is prepared to ask general questions about YouTube and how YouTube educational videos help in studies and to improve the learning gaps, clearing doubts that arise in studies. Mixed Method Research design is used to conduct research. Both Quantitative and Qualitative methods are used to collect the data. A questionnaire is prepared, and data is collected through Google Forms. Semi-structured interviews are conducted to collect the data. The sample taken are school students from class 6th-8th. The major findings are that YouTube videos help school students fill their learning gaps by mobile learning using their mobile by doing self-paced learning, and videos have long-lasting effects on their learning.

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YouTube, Technology, Videos, Self-Paced Learning, Mobile Learning, Net Generation

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Women empowerment can be defined as follows- "Women empowerment is a process by which women become powerful. They can take every decision related to their life themselves and can live well in the family and society. Enabling them to get their real rights in society is women empowerment."

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Women Empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Across societies, marriage is a revered sacrament, legally and socially acknowledged as a bond between a man and a woman. It remains grounded in the idea of eternal devotion between spouses. Galo tribe is one of the prominent tribes nestled across different districts of Arunachal Pradesh. In this article an attempt has been made to study the various types of wedding customs being practised among the Galos. In Galo society, every person has the freedom to select their own life partner. Parents generally allow their children with significant independence in choosing whom to marry. The research paper uses both the primary and secondary sources that has been gathered through interviews, observations, and case studies conducted among the listed Galo communities spread across the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Marriage System, Customary laws, Child Marriage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for advancing social justice and empowering women across diverse social, economic, and political domains. As a tool, AI can help dismantle systemic barriers by improving women's access to healthcare, education, financial services, and job opportunities. However, for AI to truly serve as an instrument of empowerment, it must be developed and deployed through an inclusive, intersectional, and ethical framework that actively addresses and mitigates biases that can exacerbate gender inequality. This paper explores the dual role of AI in both promoting and potentially hindering women's empowerment. On one hand, AI applications tailored for health, safety, and economic inclusion can provide women with critical resources and autonomy. On the other, biased algorithms, lack of diversity in AI development, and inadequate privacy protections pose significant risks, particularly to marginalized women. Through examining real-world applications, challenges, ethical considerations, and case studies, this paper highlights the pressing need for gender-sensitive AI policies, diverse development teams, transparent algorithmic accountability, and robust privacy laws. Emphasizing social justice in AI's design and implementation will ensure that women are not just passive recipients of AI advancements but active beneficiaries and contributors in a more equitable technological future.

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 Keywords

AI and Women's Empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Competency-Based Education (CBE) is an evolving approach that emphasizes mastery of skills over traditional grading. This study explores teacher educators' perspectives on the implementation and impact of CBE in curriculum innovation. Using a survey research design, data were collected from 250 teacher educators across various institutions. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis, was conducted to assess their awareness, attitudes, and perceived challenges. Results indicate that 78% of respondents support CBE, with younger educators (M=4.2, SD=0.8) showing significantly higher awareness than older counterparts (M=3.8, SD=0.9, p=0.03). Educators with less than 10 years of experience (M=4.3, SD=0.7) were more receptive to CBE than those with more experience (M=3.9, SD=0.8, p=0.02). Institutional support was a significant predictor of CBE adoption (?=0.45, p<0.01). The study offers insights for policymakers and educators to enhance competency-driven curricula in teacher training programs.

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 Keywords

Competency-Based Education, Teacher Educators, Curriculum Innovation, Survey Research, Educational Reform, Institutional Support.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition