Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

In the Cenozoic era, the one in which we are living in climate change is accelerating at a devasting speed and effecting almost every part of our biodiversity in one of the two ways. But the one that is alarming is global warming leading to warming of the oceans, melting of ice caps causing the ocean and sea rising. These changes disturbs the ecosystem present and also tremendously hazards to fishery industries throughout the world. Since the fisheries are directly affected by any change in the oceans or seas, climate change play a crucial role in fisheries and the livelihood of people having aquaculture. This paper seeks to dive through the theoretical and functional implications within the broad area of climate change with main emphasis on its influence on fisheries through effects on the acidification of oceans, changes in oxygen level, extreme weather events and analysis of temperature increase. Primary focus includes; changes in fish movement patterns, dwindling fish populations, and the disturbance of the food chain in the marine ecosystems, economic dependence on fisheries. Furthermore, the paper aims to understand and explore the after effects of increased sea level and ocean acidification , and how it worsen fisheries management and the pursuit of sustainability. It also explains measures that may include sustainable fishing, ecosystem approach to fisheries management, and international instruments are as major strategies as ways of coping with climate change in an effort to save world's fisheries. This research clarified those findings from the current data, case studies, researches done and underlined the need for international cooperation in combating climate change and the decline of fisheries.

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 Keywords

global warming , ocean acidification , fisheries , sea rise , warming oceans, ice caps melts, mitigation, carbon emissions

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Internships have become an integral component of higher education, acting as a crucial bridge between academic learning and professional practice. This paper systematically reviews key enablers that contribute to successful internship experiences and their impact on student employability, skill development, and overall learning. Through the analysis of 40 peer-reviewed studies, the findings highlight the significance of structured mentorship, institutional support, clear expectations, and the alignment of internship tasks with students' academic backgrounds and career goals. Mentorship is identified as a pivotal element, aiding in the development of both soft and hard skills, while institutional support, including faculty engagement and networking opportunities, enhances reflective learning. Moreover, internships provide mutual benefits for students and employers, offering a cost-effective and motivated workforce to organizations while equipping students with industry-specific competencies and professional networks that improve their employability. The review also reveals challenges such as inflexible scheduling, which often hinders student participation, underscoring the need for adaptable internship models. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for integrating these enablers into academic curricula, suggesting formalized mentorship programs, enhanced collaboration with industry partners, and the implementation of flexible scheduling to maximize the educational and professional benefits of internships. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on optimizing internship programs to better prepare students for the evolving demands of the global workforce.

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Internship enablers, employability, skill development, structured mentorship, institutional support, curriculum integration, higher education, workforce readiness

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This project aims to develop a Sign Language Converter, a technological solution designed to bridge the communication gap between Deaf and hearing individuals. The system uses advanced gesture recognition and machine learning algorithms to interpret hand movements, facial expressions, and body language associated with sign languages, such as American Sign Language and British Sign Language. By capturing these gestures through cameras, sensors, or glove-based systems, the converter translates them into spoken or written text in real-time. Additionally, the project explores the reverse translation process, converting text to sign language using animated avatars. Key challenges addressed include the variability in regional sign languages and the structural differences between sign and spoken languages. The system leverages AI and deep learning to increase gesture recognition accuracy. This Sign Language Converter has the potential to significantly improve accessibility for the Deaf community significantly, enabling seamless communication across social, educational, and professional environments.

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Sign Language, Gesture Recognition, Machine Learning, Accessibility, Real-Time Translation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid growth in mobile communication technologies has led to a significant increase in the demand for wireless networks. Mobile communication networks are becoming increasingly complex, with a variety of services, devices, and interconnections. As the applications of mobile devices increased, the network must provide services to all of them. However, as mobile devices move between networks, signaling overhead can cause real-time data traffic issues. There are two main types of mobile wireless networks: infrastructure networks and infrastructure-less mobile networks, commonly known as ad-hoc networks. Infrastructure networks require access points for communication, while ad-hoc networks are decentralized, with nodes functioning as routers to find and identify routes to other nodes. In unstructured ad-hoc mobile networks, every mobile node device does not have complete information about the topology of network and the node number of queried resources, making it difficult to understand the network behavior of mobile devices. Due to the varying network properties of unstructured mobile networks, mobile devices in these networks depend on flooding query messages to search devices of interest, leading to large network traffic. To address these challenges, we propose a decentralized user-to-user communication architecture for unstructured ad-hoc mobile networks. This system allows node to share resources from their systems with others and locate resources shared by others on run the network. Each participating node initiates a program that finds nodes to connect to, and nodes that are connected carries the traffic, which consists of queries, replies. This paper proposes an unstructured communication architecture leveraging ESP32 Wi-Fi to create a resilient mesh network. This decentralized user-to-user system allows participants to share and find resources dynamically, ensuring uninterrupted communication even in the event of infrastructural failures. Our approach employs random walk algorithms to mitigate network traffic and delay, providing a reliable solution for emergency scenarios.

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Unstructured communication, resource utilization, data, internetworking, LMA.

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An eminently important figure in the world of Indian political thought Sri Aurobindo Ghosh. His intellectual and spiritual philosophy opened a new horizon in the world of Indian political thought. He greatly enlightened and stirred the world of Indian political thought with his humanitarian, pacifist, grand harmony and spiritual philosophy. Aurobindo Ghosh was essentially an extreme nationalist figure and thinker. He spontaneously participated in the radical nationalist movement to free Mother India from the imperialist rule-exploitation of the British Government and gave able leadership to that movement. For this purpose he developed the philosophy of passive resistance. He also devised methods to implement his political philosophy of Spiritual Nationalism through the spiritual mindset & passive resistance mainly through the boycott-non-cooperation program.Therefore, he was not only a theoretical philosopher, but also a practical activist personality.An important aspect of Aurobindo's political thought is his concept of Passive Resistance. He believed that passive resistance was an effective tool in redressing injustice and exploitation.Through passive resistance, instead of directly confronting the oppressor, it is possible to weaken the oppressor, exploiter and oppressor psychologically through boycott, non-cooperation, etc. no Rather, in the case of passive resistance, by conducting indirect struggle or movement against the wrongdoer through programs such as boycott, the wrongdoer can be made mentally weak and helpless and ultimately defeated and defeated. Aurobindo therefore adopted passive resistance as an active weapon against wrongdoers and misrule in order to get rid of injustice and misrule.

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An eminently important figure in the world of Indian political thought Sri Aurobindo Ghosh. His intellectual and spiritual philosophy opened a new horizon in the world of Indian political thought. He greatly enlightened and stirred the world of Indian political thought with his humanitarian, pacifist, grand harmony and spiritual philosophy. Aurobindo Ghosh was essentially an extreme nationalist figure and thinker. He spontaneously participated in the radical nationalist movement to free Mother I

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This manuscript explores the cutting-edge applications of smart polymers in pharmaceutical sciences, specifically in novel drug delivery systems. Inspired by nature's adaptability, these intelligent materials respond to minute external stimuli, exhibiting non-linear changes in structure and properties. Smart polymers enhance drug targeting, bioavailability, patient compliance, and gene therapy. Characterized by their stimuli-responsive behaviour, these materials undergo significant transformations, ranging from swelling/contraction to disintegration, in response to various physical, chemical, and biological cues, including Temperature, Electric/magnetic fields, Deformation, pH Enzymes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in smart materials, highlighting their performance mechanisms, working principles, and diverse applications. The study concludes by addressing existing challenges and outlining future opportunities in the development of intelligent materials for pharmaceutical applications.

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Smart Polymers, Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Biomedical Applications ,Drugs Delivery Systems, Biosensors, pH-Responsive Polymers, Shape Memory Materials, Controlled Release, Therapeutic Windows, Hydrogels.

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Atisara is a Purishavaha srotogata vikara, with Ati pravrutti (excessive flow) of Purisha (Stools) as the main symptom. Vitiation of both Saririka (Physical) and Manasika (Mental) doshas along with the external factors contribute to the manifestation of this Vyadhi (Diseases). The present case report of a 27 years old female patient, who presented with the symptoms like loose stools associated with pain, along with few other symptoms, which are similar to that of Vataja atisara, caused due to the intake of incompatible food along with other factors, and an effective management was achieved through Ayurvedic interventions like Dadimastak churna and Mustakarista.

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Atisara, Mustakarista, Dadimastakachurna

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Background: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is a hypercatabolic state in patients with chronic kidney disease leading to lean muscle loss and malnutrition, most of the guidelines for nutrition in chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis recommends 1.2 to 2 grams protein supplementation per kilograms of body weight. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis develops malnutrition involving protein catabolism, secondary insulin resistance, inflammation and increased serum leptin levels. Global prevalence of malnutrition in CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is 28-54% facing a greater risk of mortality. Aims & Objectives: This study is an attempt to find out the gap between recommended protein intake by ESPEN and KDOQI guidelines, and the actual protein intake among renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Method: A total of 30 renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, twice or thrice in a week were selected through purposive sampling, voluntary participation with documented consent form was taken, non - invasive painless method was used, i.e. anthropometry, 24 hours dietary recall method, food frequency record method, house hold measures were used to calculate portion size and IFCT 2017 by National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad was used to calculate dietary protein intake, National Kidney Foundation; KDOQI, ESPEN, guidelines were used to compare the gross protein intake. Biochemical reports were used as secondary data. Obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and t- test were used. Results: Total 09 females and 21 males were undergoing MHD, the lowest number of subjects recorded as 13.33 falling in age group of 20-30 and 70-80 for both the genders respectively. The average age of the study group is 54 years, the average height of the study group is 166 cms, dry weight and BMI is 57.65 kgs. and 20.81 kg/m2 respectively. 70% of study population is male. The average nPCR (protein intake measure) is 0.45 gms. The average DMS (Dialysis Malnutrition Score) recorded was 20.7. 70% of patients were having diabetes and 100% subjects were having hypertension as comorbidities. Conclusion: The average protein intake of CKD patients undergoing MHD is significantly lower as compared to the expected protein intake calculated as per guidelines.

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CKD, MHD, KDOQI, ESPEN, PROTEIN GAP, DMS

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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: ? To assess knowledge on MCD among mothers of under five children. ? To find out the association between knowledge on Milk and Cookie Disease with selected demographic variables. ? To prepare a self-instructional module on milk and cookies disease. METHODOLOGY: The present study aimed to measure the knowledge on Milk and Cookie Disease among mothers of underfive children attending OPD clinic. The present study was done using a semi-structured questionnaire containing series of questions in self-report form designed by the researchers to elicit information. The questions were arranged in such a manner that it was easily understood by the participants and there was no violation of ethical conduct. The questionnaire was distributed among the mothers and were given a pen for marking the answers of their choice. Later the mothers were given mass awareness on Milk and Cookie Disease and distributed a self-instructional module that contained a detailed description of the disease like its definition, etiology and risk factors, pathophysiology and prevention. RESULTS: The findings of study regarding knowledge on Milk and Cookie Disease among mothers of under five children attending OPD clinic revealed that ? 15.3% were in the age group of 0 - 1 year, 19.30% were in the age group of 1 - 2 years, 39.30% were in the age group of 2 - 3 years, 12.00 % were in the age group of 3 - 4 years and 14.00% were in the age group of 4 - 5 years. ? 71.30% belongs to nuclear family ? 31.30% of fathers were having primary education ? 34.00% of mothers were illiterate ? 34.70% fathers were self-employed ? 64.70% mothers were home makers ? 39.30% families were having an annual income of 20,000 - 30,000. ? 48.00% families were having a total of 3 people in their house ? 40.70% of mothers belongs to urban area ? 62.00% of mothers had heard about Milk and Cookies Disease ? 39.80% of mothers heard about Milk and Cookies Disease through mass media ? Among the participants 26.70% had inadequate knowledge, 45.30% had moderate knowledge and 28.00% had adequate knowledge about Milk and Cookies Disease. ? There is significant association between age of child, education of father, education of mother, occupation of father, annual income of family, place of residence and occupation of mother, ever participated to assess the knowledge on milk and cookies disease. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of knowledge on MCD among mothers will be a key to identify their deficits, promote their knowledge and practices there by may participate in health promoting behaviour. Self-instructional module will be useful for future references.

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Assess, knowledge, Self-instructional, Milk and cookie disease

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition