Volume 10 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

In pre-independence India, the British Indian government reiterated the English model in the co-operative sector, and the Co-operative Credit Societies Act, 1904 was passed in India for the first time to reorganize the Indian co-operative society, based on Sir's recommendations. Frederick Nicholson and Sir Edward Law (1901). This move by the British Government of India addresses the issue of indebtedness in India and the resulting situation for farmers in the country. The Act encouraged the formation of credit unions across the country, which led to the formation of the first urban co-operative credit union in Tamil Nadu in October 1904. This was the first phase of the establishment of a co-operative banking system, and it was there. several errors in the Act have limited the achievement of the intended benefits of co-operatives across the country. The law allowed credit unions to register, but it did not make provision to protect non-credit organizations or state-owned enterprises. The government recognized these shortcomings, and to address them, a comprehensive law, known as the Cooperative Societies Act of 1912, was introduced. Approved the formation and organization of central Indian co-operatives and non-debtors. Even after enduring many hardships during that time, the union maintained a positive post-independence trend, and it became part of economic progress. India's First Five-Year Plan recognizes the importance of co-operatives in the implementation of development goals, with a focus on farmers and the poorest sections of society. To address the problem of rural debt and other financial concerns in the rural community, the Indian government established the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee. Indian Cooperatives Banks are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and the Banking Act (Application for Cooperatives) Act, 1965, respectively. Basic co-operatives, central co-operatives, government co-operatives, and urban co-operatives are the four basic types of co-operative banks. The primary function of co-operative banks is to provide financial support for small and medium-sized small financial services. It collects funds from its members and distributes them.

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Cooperatives, UCB,s , Fund management

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Occupational Stress among Lecturers: The Case of Female Lecturers in Universities India

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Natural sources have been important for the development of new active molecules for many years. Various small molecules with unique chemical skeleton and potent bioactivities were discovered through various sources like plants, marine products, and microorganisms, etc., which are considered as very important part of the nature. A number of potent antifungal have been originated from various natural sources. This account describes structure and activities of selected agents isolated from various natural sources. The incecresed number of immunocompromised patients has led to the emergence of many forms of fungal infections. Furthermore, there are a restricted arsenal of antifungals available and an increase in the development of resistance to antifungal drugs. Because of these disadvantages, the search for new antifungal agent in natural sources has increased.

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Antifungals, biological activities, chemical structure, natural sources

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Women Rights, Women Empowerment. Gender Equality.

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Tea industry is one of the major contributors for the growth of our country. India is well known and is an established country for its tea production. India being the second largest producer of tea is now in a stagnating position as the industry could not face the hiking cost of production inspite of high demand all over the world. Price equilibrium has become a question mark and is an unanswerable allegation put forward to the tea industry. Though coffee is a substitute product for tea in a perfect competitive market ,demand for tea has not fallen leading to high production which in turns increases the cost . It is a severe attack for the leading producers of tea. Price equilibrium is attained at the point where the demand meets supply. The tea bodies keeps urging the government to make measures to resolve the problem of disequilibrium condition. The article makes a path of awareness and knowledge on the importance of maintain price equilibrium in tea industry ,its impact on the Indian economy and effects of disequilibrium on producers and consumers. It also suggest the measures through which equilibrium can be restored.

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Price equilibrium, disequilibrium, Tea industry, Economies on scale, Market condition. Government intervention, perfect and imperfect competion, Elasticity.

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Man has been dependent on plants from ages. Ethnobotany is the branch which shows the direct relationship of man with the plants. Ethnobotany has given rise to many subdisciplines, like Ethnoecology, Ethnotaxonomy, Ethnomycology, Ethnotoxicology, Ethnonarcotics, Medico-ethnobotany etc. The present study talks about the ethnomedicinal uses of plants found in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan. The data was collected by different tribes and plant healers through interviews with them. The purpose of this study is to make aware local people about the uses of plants growing in their vicinity and conserving our traditional knowledge.

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Ethnobotany#Jhunjhunun#Medicinal plants

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? Fracturing is an essential stimulation in hydrocarbon exploration and development. Proppant, the core material during fracturing, is the key to increasing the fracturing success rate and stimulating effect. The main function of conventional proppants is to provide and maintain conductive fractures during good production, and proppants must meet closing stress requirements and exhibit resistance to diagenesis under downhole conditions. ? Various proppants of different types, sizes, shapes, and uses have been developed in the oil and gas industry. Proppants, such as sand, ceramic, and resin-coated proppants, are used to keep fractures open to produce hydrocarbons in hydraulic fracturing operations. A fundamental challenge for resin-coated proppants (RCP) lies in their overall thermochemical-mechanical stability at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of fracturing fluids. Our goal is to see how it will be implemented economically, the manufacturing process and specifications for resin-coated proppant, and how it differs from other conventional proppants, and so far, resin-coated materials are more suitable for practical downhole conditions because the closing stresses and temperatures help to seal the material at the fracture site for the life of the wellbore it acts as an ideal proppant in many respects and is economically justifiable compared to uncoated proppant.

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Proppants, Manufacturing of proppant, hydraulic fracturing

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Consumers are influenced by many internal (motivation, learning, attitude, perception) and external (environment, cultural, social) factors that influence their perception towards a brand. Brand as a tool has the potential to influence consumers to buy a particular product, and has not only played an influential role in luxury market but also in FMCG market. Brand image not only forms the most important factor in building a strong brand but also builds a base for consumer brand loyalty. The research aims to find out the effect of brand image on consumer buying behavior through a comparative study of Amul & Nestle dairy products in Mumbai. The quantitative research method was applied in this study. Questionnaire Survey was conducted among 200 respondents who were selected using non probability convenient sampling technique. Out of which 133 forms were collected online and 67 forms were collected offline. Researcher predicted that there is a relationship between brand image and consumer buying behavior. And thus this research helped to prove that the prediction done is true and that consumers are influenced by brand image.

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Brand Image, Consumer Buying Behavior

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), competence, authoritative, Engineering Students, Language Proficiency, pedagogy, approach, method, technique, discourse, Prospective aspirants.

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Labor is an emotional experience and involves both physiological and psychological mechanisms. Pain is a common experience for women during labor. Effective management of labor pain plays a role in a woman's satisfaction with childbirth. A nurse is the ideal person to assist the woman in this crucial hour, combining her skills and knowledge of massage technique to ease the labor pain1. Massage is a time horned method by which women have received comfort throughout the millennia2. Objectives To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of 4th year B.sc (N) students regarding massage techniques in managing first stage of labor, to find out the association between the knowledge, attitude and practice score with socio demographic of B.sc (N) students and to develop information booklet regarding massage techniques. Methodology: The research approach used for the present study was a survey research approach and descriptive survey design was adopted for the present study. The sample of the study chosen by non-probability Purposive Sampling Technique, which includes 60 female 4th year B.Sc(N) students. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data which consists of 6 Socio demographic 23 knowledge questionnaires, 20 attitude statement and practice checklist consist of 20 item.Results: The major findings of the study were out of 60 B.Sc Nursing students. The study revealed that 58.33% had moderate knowledge, 76.58% had positive attitude and the practice assessment revealed 93.33% students had poor practice in spite of positive attitude.

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 Keywords

Massage Technique , First Stage Of Labor, Information Booklet

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