Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Tertiary treatment is the final stage of waste water purification. It raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment such as sea, river, lake, ground etc. Tertiary treatment removes different types of pollutants such as organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients, pathogens and heavy meals that secondary treatment is not able to remove. It includes sedimentation, coagulation, membrane processes, filtration, ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption, electrodialysis, nitrification and denitrification, ozonation, ultraviolet radiation etc. Effluent becomes cleaner by tertiary treatment through the use of stronger and more advanced treatment systems. This paper reviews the different tertiary treatment technologies available. Recent innovations for achieving clean and clearer water suitable for reuse or discharge to the surface water sources are discussed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Advanced wastewater treatment, membrane processes, nitrification and Denitrification, tertiary treatment, waste water treatment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract When a big dam project comes to an existence in the hilly and tribal areas, by the decision making mechanism, its victims will naturally be a large number of tribals. The great problem while constructing a dam is the submergence caused by the reservoir. Being uneducated, depressed, deprived and poor, they cannot raise their voice against the authorities. Protesting against big dams from different corners has a long history in India and abroad. The present study describes about the Indira Sagar National Project (polavaram), which is going to submerge a vast daciduous forest terrains including tribal settlements in the border areas of Chattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Big demonstrations and anti-dam campaignings have been organized by the tribals. Most of the NGOs, Social Workers and intellectuals are supported the movement as there would be large scale deforestation and involuntary displacement. The primary observation in the study provides a picture of the cause and effect relationship of the movements and the secondary data provides social conflict caused by the Polavaram. Environmental-economics relating to a large dam project is the basic insight of the paper.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words- Biofertilizers, Nodulization and Varieties of green gram.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With the current concerns of rise in demand as well as the price of the conventional fuels in the world, there is a need to concentrate more on energy efficiency, conservation and renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the most efficient, clean and affordable energy alternatives. The purpose of this project is to design a flat plate type solar collector integrated with a heat pipe technology. The flat plate solar collector is a means of converting the radiant energy from the sun into thermal energy. Heat pipes are passive devices that have the equivalent of a high thermal conductance. They can be used to remove heat from flat plate collector and transfer the energy to the working fluid inside the heat pipe. For hot water generation, this approach has several advantages over the conventional flat plate collector.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Heat pipe, Flat Plate, Solar Collector

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Eklavya Model Residential Schools, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalas, Teaching-Learning Process

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aim of the present piece of work was to biochemically segregate the different amino acids like essential amino acids (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in proteins and fatty acids like saturated fatty acids (SFA); mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly saturated fatty acids (PUFA) of fats in the muscle tissues of three commercially less importance fresh water fishes like Clarias batrachus, Channa punctatus and Anabas testudineus. The parameters under study were estimated in all the three species irrespective of sex, size and maturity. Nine essential amino acids namely Lysine, Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Methionine, Tryptophan and Histidine that are very important for human health were found to be present in all the species examined. Among all the essential amino acids, Leucine is found to be highest in content i.e. 1.29mg, 0.86mg and 1.38mg/100 gm fish muscle among the above three species respectively. However, in NEAA; Glutamic acid content was recorded to be highest in C.batrachus and C.punctatus with value of 2.41mg and 0.79 mg/100 gm tissue; whereas, Cysteine value of 2.35 mg was recorded in A.testudineus. Glutamic acid plays an important role in amino acid metabolism because of its role in transamination reactions and is necessary for the synthesis of key molecules, such as glutathione which are required for removal of highly toxic peroxides and the polyglutamate foliate cofactors. The highest value in SFA of C21:0 was found to be 0.45mg in C. batrachus, whereas the C16:0 content was recorded to be 1.07mg and 3.59mg in C.punctatus and A.testudineus respectively. Similarly, the highest value of MUFA in C18:1n9 has found in C.batrachus and C.punctatus with a value of 1.54mg and 1.01mg per 100gm tissue respectively. The MUFA of C18:1n9t has highest value found in A.testudineus of 1.29 mg. The PUFA like Omega 6 (? 6) content was recorded highest among above three species with a value of 0.89mg, 0.98mg and 0.69 mg per 100gm of tissues. The total EAA were found to be 7.07mg, 5.19mg, and 7.42mg; whereas the value of NEAA was recorded to be 7.16mg, 4.29mg, and 9.58mg per 100 gm tissue differ between the species. However the total SFA was recorded 1.909mg, 3.25mg, and 4.283mg ; MUFA 2.135mg, 3.650mg, and 1.876mg and the total PUFA content was found to be 2.990mg, 3.402mg, and 1.975mg respectively in the fishes under study. Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were the dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid predominantly found in all the species. The results indicate that all the fish species under experimentation contain high quality of protein and fats with necessary fatty acids and many essential amino acids for normal development and growth of human and can be exploited as alternative fish source like that of commercial important variety. Among all the species under study, A.testudineus was found to be the best choice among all the species under study as it contains high nutrient components and the perfect ratio of SFA, MUFA and PUFA followed by C.batrachus and C.punctatus.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

amino acids, fatty acids, Clarias batrachus, Channa punctatus, Anabas testudineus

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Education, Psychology, Personality Traits , Neuroticism ,Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness.Leadership

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mud, lime, wood, stone and others traditional materials are silent used in house constructions in many countries, especially in India. Thermal comfort level changes for different indoor and outdoor condition which can be measure. The thermal comfort level can be changed for indoor by putting thermal materials like insulation, but the out comfort level is not control by human. Indoor thermal conditions can be improved by the selection of building components, optimum orientation & proper selection of building material. This paper contains the values of the different materials to control & perform better for the thermal comfort and to meet with value of energy conservation building code (ECBC).

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Thermal performance, Thermal transmittance, sustainable building materials, and ECBC.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Brand Preferences, Semi-Urban consumers, Rural consumers.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition