Volume 7 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The Government is unable to perform its various functions in the absence of revenue. It needs to perform a large number of activities requiring a huge public expenditure. To meet this expenditure it requires public revenue. Taxes are one of the important sources of public revenue. Taxes are not a recent origin. It was levied dates back to time immemorial. During the year 2010-11 the total returned filed was about 3.3% of the total population of India whereas the ratio of returned filed by Singapore was 39%, USA 46%, and New Zealand 75%.So, a number of efforts are continuously being made by the government to bring more and more people under the regime of taxation, so that public revenue can be increased. A number of tax reforms were initiated in the tax structure to widen the income tax base in India. This paper basically deals with the impact of various tax reforms on the income received by way of income tax and also its trends and pattern in India in the post reform period. The study is based on the income tax data from financial year 1991-92 to 2018-19 i.e a period of 28 years.

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Tax Revenue, Income Tax, Tax Reforms, Trends and Patterns.

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The Mystic Masseur is one of the V.S. Naipaul�s finest comic creations wherein, we see huge sensibility, humour, success, politics and endless creative imagination that have become the hallmarks of the author�s genius. The story of the novel is not only the life history of Ganesh Ramsumair; rather it is a story of social and economic life of the Indian islanders. The author shows his alienation and rootlessness of the people migrated from India to Trinidad. Here he puts stress on the importance of imagination for survival. The question is whether the novel The Mystic Masseur depicts the real Trinidad, the question is answered in King�s observations in his book. �Those familiar with Trinidadian history should recognize how Naipaul has used local events, characters and such politician characters and politicians such as Uriah Butler, Albert Gomes, Arthur Cipriani and Naipaul�s two uncles, Rudranath and Simbhoonath Capildeo in the novel. The paper proposes to examine how V.S. Naipaul uses the post-colonial myth and reality in his novel The Mystic Masseur.

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 Keywords

Independence, identity, non-political society, politics, individual, success, Post-Colonial Myth, Reality.

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The world of English language and Literature has been blessed with multifarious writers and scholars across the globe and centuries since the advent of the language. Some had been consequential in their times and context while the work of others transcends beyond their age and era. William Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw though not contemporaries yet are compared always for their content and its treatment; specially their character portrayals and themes. In this paper, it is analyzed that Shakespeare through Miranda in The Tempest proposes chaste and emotional love while Shaw has represented pragmatic love through Raina in Arms and The Man.

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William Shakespeare, George Bernard Shaw, Miranda, Raina Petkoff

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this paper we have extended the result of fixed point theorem for contractive mappings in fuzzy matric space using control function.

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Control Function, Contractive Condition, Complete Fuzzy Metric Space , Fixed Point Theorem, Integral Type, Rational Expression.

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Garv me na hone de kuposhit bhavishya : Ek Adhyayan

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Garv me na hone de kuposhit bhavishya : Ek Adhyayan

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Folklore generally refresh to the body of material, in a variety of forms, that expresses the traditions of a particular culture .There is no clear cut definition of the term �Folklore� mainly because academics of different disciplines study the same material from completely separate perspective .Scholars of literature focus primarily on structures, narrative style, of a culture . Thus the founder of French folkloristic study, Arnold van Gennaep, believed folklore was the key to understanding the creative force within small groups of societies. Both paradigms raise the questions of whether folklore can be viewed as a common phenomenon and therefore broken into broad categories, or as specific cultural artifacts of a given society. The first Folklore Fellows� Summer School was held according to plan at the Turku Christian Institute under the auspices of Turku University during July 29, and August 14, 1991. This was the globalism of folklore research, Never before had so many nations from all over the world met each other on such a relatively small course. This document stresses the inherent value and importance of folklore in the cultures of the world. Advanced scholars and institutions take part in what becomes a forum for gathering available experience for the formulation of basic principles for modern folklore work in the global sense, i.e. without regional, national or other limitations.

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folklore, legend, myth, festival, folk song, fairy tale, tall tale, epic poetry, global etc.

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Gandhian ideals like Ahinsa(non-violence), Satyagraha (insistence of truth) and non-violent ways of struggle like boycott of English things and life style have had a tremendous impact on the political movements of the world. Even the life of Mahatma Gandhi was quite impressive, his saint-like austerity, limited needs that have instilled a new sense of pride and purpose for Indians and foreigners. The paper attempts to trace Gandhian influence on Indian Writing in English. Gandhi and his philosophy was unavoidable and inescapable for the Indian and foreign writers, philosophers and scholars. The paper is a sincere attempt to know Gandhi�s influence on Indian literature in English. Mahatma Gandhi bears the permanent stamp on Indian life and literature. His ideology or �ism� is his principles of his life. In few words I would now try to focus on the principles which Gandhi has followed in his life. These are Satya (Truth), Ahinsa (Non-violence), Vishvashanti (World peace), Asahakar (Non-cooperation). Weaving these principles in his life he practically implemented in his life. These words might seem very simple to pronounce, but are equally hard to keep or follow. There are number of literary works that are influenced by the Gandhian life and Gandhian philosophy. The present paper briefly discusses some of the important novels that reflect Gandhian life and philosophy.

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Ahinsa (non-violence), Satya (Truth), Asahakar(non-cooperation), Vishvashanti (world peace), Satyagraha (insistence of truth), Gandhian Philosophy etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The analysis of the demand for such items seems well removed from the reliance on mathematical models that characterizes much of the work in operations research and management science (OR/MS). In marketing, human factors play a large role, marketing expenditures affect demand and cost simultaneously and information to support truly symmetric decision is rarely available. Further the effects of most Green marketing actions are typically delayed, nonlinear, stochastic and difficult to measure. Yet, the OR/MS developments in green marketing have been profound and substantial. Through this paper our aim here to discuss a significant literature, and sketching a broad range of applications of OR/MS in Green marketing.

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Mathematical model, Green marketing, Operation Research & Management science (OR/MS).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition