Published Paper Details:

In today's fast-moving world, growing living expenses such as house rent, children's education fees, medical costs, groceries, and other essentials have made Personal Financial Management (PFM) increasingly important for ensuring financial stability and post-retirement security. In this backdrop, the study aims to examine the personal financial management practices of employees working in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Shivamogga District. The findings reveal that most respondents manage their income effectively and actively seek opportunities to enhance their earnings. Although a significant proportion of employees report some dissatisfaction with their current income levels, the majority demonstrate prudent expense management by adjusting spending in response to income fluctuations and avoiding unnecessary expenditures. However, the study indicates weak investment practices among respondents, particularly in areas such as diversification, regular portfolio review, and informed investment decision-making. This highlights a significant need to improve investment literacy and financial awareness.