Published Paper Details:

The period between 1946 and 1948 in Hyderabad State witnessed intense socio-political turmoil marked by the rise of the Razakar militia and widespread violence across rural and urban regions. Organized under the leadership of the Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, the Razakars emerged as a paramilitary force supporting the Nizam's resistance to integration into the Indian Union. This paper examines the nature, causes, and consequences of Razakar violence within the broader context of Hyderabad's political crisis. It analyzes how feudal structures, communal tensions, and political uncertainty contributed to the escalation of violence, particularly against peasants, political activists, and marginalized communities. Drawing upon archival records, contemporary newspapers, memoirs, and scholarly studies, the research explores the role of Razakar militancy in shaping public opinion and accelerating the Indian government's decision to intervene through Operation Polo in September 1948. The study also evaluates the socio-economic and psychological impact of violence on rural society and its contribution to the growth of resistance movements, including the Telangana armed struggle. It argues that Razakar violence not only exposed the fragility of the Nizam's regime but also played a crucial role in legitimizing Hyderabad's integration into India. Ultimately, the paper highlights how this turbulent phase marked a decisive transition from feudal authoritarianism to democratic transformation.