Published Paper Details:

With growing concern for the environment and stricter rules on using petroleum-based cutting fluids, there's been a strong push toward finding cleaner and safer alternatives in machining. Bio-oils made from plants, used cooking oil, and animal fats are standing out as promising options--they're less toxic, break down more easily in the environment, and offer great lubrication. This paper reviews how these bio-oils are being used in machining processes. It takes a closer look at their impact on overall machining performance also examines how enhancing bio-oils with nanoparticles or modifying them chemically can boost their effectiveness for industrial use. Comparative studies show that, in some cases, bio-oils can match or even outperform traditional fluids. Still, challenges like how well they hold up over time, how they're stored, and their cost need to be addressed. Overall, this review highlights the growing role of bio-oils in making manufacturing cleaner and more sustainable.