Published Paper Details:

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the need for an efficient and reliable Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure safe battery operation. The lithium-ion battery used in EVs is highly sensitive to variations in voltage, current, and temperature. Improper monitoring of these parameters can lead to reduced battery life, performance degradation, or safety hazards. This project presents the design and implementation of an Electric Vehicle Battery Backup System integrated with essential components such as a lithium-ion battery pack, BMS, voltage sensor, current sensor, and temperature sensor for accurate real- time monitoring and protection. The proposed system uses a lithium-ion battery as the primary energy storage source due to its high energy density, lightweight structure, and long cycle life. A dedicated BMS is employed to continuously monitor battery parameters and maintain safe operating limits. The voltage sensor measures the battery voltage to prevent overcharging and deep discharge conditions. The current sensor tracks charging and discharging currents to avoid overload and short-circuit faults. Additionally, a temperature sensor monitors battery temperature to detect overheating and ensure thermal safety. A microcontroller-based control unit processes the data collected from these sensors and makes intelligent decisions for power management and protection. When abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, or excessive temperature are detected, the system automatically activates protective mechanisms. These include disconnecting the load, stopping the charging process, or limiting current flow to prevent battery damage. The developed prototype is cost-effective, compact, and suitable for electric two-wheelers and small EV applications. By integrating voltage, current, and temperature sensing within the BMS framework, the system significantly improves battery safety, operational, and lifespan. This project contributes to enhancing EV reliability while promoting sustainable and energy-efficient transportation solutions.