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ABSTRACT Background: Dental hygiene is an important component of child health, and inadequate oral hygiene may contribute to dental caries and other oral health problems. School-based assessment of knowledge and practice can help identify areas for health education. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding dental hygiene among school-going children, determine the correlation between knowledge and practice, and examine their association with selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive design was used among 60 children studying in the 6th and 7th standards at Government Sardar Gopal Singh Middle School, Kishanganj, Bihar. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma, a 12-item self-structured knowledge questionnaire, and a 10-item practice checklist. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used; correlation between knowledge and practice was assessed using a correlation coefficient. Results: Among the 60 children, 48.3% had moderately adequate knowledge, 40.0% had adequate knowledge, and 11.7% had inadequate knowledge. Adequate dental hygiene practice was reported by 85.0%, while 15.0% had inadequate practice. Knowledge was not significantly correlated with practice (r = -0.102, p = 0.436). No significant association was found between knowledge level and age, gender, dietary pattern, residence, parental education, family income, or previous knowledge. Likewise, practice was not significantly associated with the selected demographic variables. Conclusion: Most children demonstrated adequate practice but only moderate knowledge. The absence of a significant relationship between knowledge and practice indicates the need for continuing, age-appropriate and school-based oral health education rather than relying on knowledge alone.