Published Paper Details:

Abstract: Background: Defecation is a complex physiological process involving coordinated activity of the gastrointestinal tract, enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and voluntary neuromuscular mechanisms. The initiation and regulation of the defecation reflex depend upon rectal distension, enteric neural pathways, parasympathetic outflow, and relaxation of anal sphincters. Modern physiology explains this process through intrinsic enteric reflexes mediated by the myenteric plexus and parasympathetic reflexes mediated through sacral spinal segments. Alteration in these regulatory mechanisms can result in disorders such as constipation, incomplete evacuation, and anorectal dysfunction. In Ayurveda, the process of fecal elimination is governed primarily by Apana Vata. Apana vata is one of the five subtypes of Vata dosha. It is located in Apana desha (Perineal region). It traverses along Sroni (Pelvis), vasti (urinary bladder), medra (external genital apparatus of each sex) and uru (thighs). It performs several vital functions, such as the expulsion of Shukra (Semen), Artava (menstrual blood), Shakrit (faeces), mutra (urine) and Garbha (the products of conception - foetus & Placenta). Purishavaha Srotas serves as the structural and functional pathway involved in the formation, transportation, and elimination of fecal matter. Aim and Objective: To review and analyze the role of Apana Vata and Purishavaha Srotas in the physiology of the defecation reflex through an integrative understanding of the enteric and autonomic nervous systems. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, modern physiology textbooks, research articles, and databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed. Conclusion: The functional attributes of Apana Vata and the structural-functional role of Purishavaha Srotas demonstrate notable similarities with the coordinated activities of the enteric and autonomic nervous systems involved in defecation. Although classical Ayurvedic concepts and modern neurophysiology describe bowel regulation from different perspectives, an integrative understanding may provide a broader insight into the physiology of the defecation reflex.