Published Paper Details:

Abstract Background: Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas are three fundamental anatomical entities described in Ayurvedic literature. Although these structures play a pivotal role in understanding the physiology and pathology of the human body, their precise anatomical interpretation remains a subject of scholarly debate. Modern vascular anatomy provides a detailed description of blood vessels and microcirculation, creating opportunities for a critical comparative analysis. Objective: To critically analyze the anatomical concepts of Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas described in classical Ayurvedic texts and examine their possible correlations with modern vascular anatomy. Methods: A narrative review was undertaken using classical Ayurvedic texts, including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya, together with contemporary anatomy, histology, embryology, and vascular biology literature. The review emphasizes conceptual similarities and differences rather than direct structural equivalence. Results: Classical descriptions indicate that Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas represent distinct yet interconnected anatomical and physiological entities. Sira primarily relates to vascular channels involved in transport and venous drainage, Dhamani denotes pulsatile vessels associated with distribution from the heart, and Srotas represents a broader physiological network responsible for transport, exchange, and tissue nourishment. Modern vascular anatomy describes arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and the microcirculation as integrated components of systemic circulation. While certain functional similarities exist, the Ayurvedic concepts encompass broader physiological dimensions that extend beyond identifiable anatomical structures. Conclusion: The concepts of Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas should be interpreted as comprehensive functional systems rather than exact anatomical counterparts of arteries, veins, or capillaries. Integrating Ayurvedic knowledge with modern vascular anatomy may enhance anatomical education and stimulate interdisciplinary research