Published Paper Details:

The increasing prevalence of prolonged sitting and sedentary work culture has contributed significantly to the rise of musculoskeletal discomfort, particularly lower back pain and posture-related problems among desk workers. Inadequate seating support, static posture, and extended working hours are major contributors to spinal strain, muscle fatigue, and discomfort during prolonged sitting. Although existing ergonomic backrests provide a certain degree of lumbar support, many products primarily focus on posture correction and fail to address muscle stiffness and thermal comfort simultaneously. This highlights the need for more comprehensive ergonomic solutions that combine structural support with therapeutic relief. The present study aimed to analyse posture-related discomfort among desk workers and develop an improved ergonomic heated backrest, "Ergo-Warm," designed to enhance lumbar support and provide controlled thermal comfort during prolonged sitting. A mixed-method research design was adopted involving 160 participants engaged in desk-based occupations requiring extended sitting durations. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and the Cornell Modified Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ), while qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews. The study examined participants' sitting behaviour, discomfort patterns, awareness of ergonomic products, and preferences regarding lumbar support, adjustability, material, and heating features. The findings revealed that static posture, prolonged working hours, and lack of lumbar support were the most common causes of discomfort among participants. A majority of respondents reported experiencing lower back discomfort after sitting continuously for 6-8 hours daily. Participants also expressed strong preference for adjustable lumbar support, memory foam cushioning, and integrated heating features that could provide relaxation and reduce muscle stiffness. The study further highlighted growing interest in ergonomic products that combine comfort, posture correction, and therapeutic benefits. The research concludes that integrating ergonomic design with heat therapy can improve sitting comfort, reduce musculoskeletal strain, and support better posture among desk workers. The proposed Ergo-Warm design offers a user-centred approach toward enhancing occupational comfort and well-being in modern sedentary work environments.