Published Paper Details:

In pharmacology, the route of administration is the pathway by which a medication is introduced into the body to achieve a therapeutic effect, patient compliance, and safety of medications. The choice of a specific route depends on the physical and chemical properties of the drug, the desired site of action (local or systemic), the condition of the patient (e.g., unconscious or vomiting), and the rapidity of the response required. This review classifies these routes into systemic and local categories, detailing their specific advantages, disadvantages, and recent advancements in delivery systems. Drug can be administered through multiple routes such as oral, parenteral, topical, inhalation, and transdermal pathways, each having distinct advantages and limitations. Selection of an appropriate route depends on various factors including the physicochemical properties of the drug, desired onset and duration of action, patient condition, and clinical settings.