Published Paper Details:

Liver cirrhosis, conceptualized in the Unani System of Medicine (USM) as Talazzuz al-Kabid or Segar-e-Jigar, represents a catastrophic structural transformation and shrinkage of the liver parenchyma. This narrative review provides an exhaustive synthesis of classical Unani perspectives, tracing the evolution of hepatic pathology from the Greek foundational period to the refined clinical observations of the 19th-century Indian subcontinent. The pathogenesis is critically analyzed through the framework of humoral imbalance (Su-e-Mizaj), specifically the pathological dominance of Sauda (black bile) and chronic Sudad (obstructions) within the hepatic vasculature. This manuscript integrates the therapeutic principles of Tanqiya (evacuation) and Taqwiyat (tonification), utilizing potent deobstruent (Muftta-eh-Sudad) and hepatotonic (Muqawwi-e-Jigar) drugs. A systematic comparison with modern pathophysiology, specifically fibrosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular failure, reveals a sophisticated alignment between traditional humoral theory and modern histological transformations. Furthermore, recent clinical evidence documenting the efficacy of complex polyherbal decoctions and distillates (Araqiyat) in improving Fibroscan-measured liver stiffness and biochemical parameters is synthesized. The review underscores the conceptual depth of Unani medicine in managing end-stage liver disease and advocates for a multi-dimensional integrative approach to combat the global burden of hepatic cirrhosis.