Published Paper Details:

Abstract: The transition toward sustainable transportation has positioned electric vehicles (EVs) as a critical instrument for achieving environmental sustainability and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This research article examines the role of EVs in sustainable development by analyzing opportunities, constraints, and future prospects based on primary data collected from 300 respondents across selected districts of Karnataka, including Bengaluru Urban, Mysuru, Mandya, Tumakuru, and Shivamogga. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining survey data with secondary sources such as government reports and policy documents. Findings reveal that environmental concern, rising fuel prices, and lower operating costs are major drivers of EV adoption, while high initial purchase cost, inadequate charging infrastructure, and range anxiety remain significant barriers. Urban districts show higher adoption levels compared to rural areas due to better infrastructure and awareness. Electric two-wheelers dominate the market owing to affordability and convenience, whereas electric cars and commercial vehicles face slower adoption. Government incentives, including tax exemptions and subsidies, have positively influenced consumer perceptions. The study concludes that EVs hold substantial potential to contribute to sustainable development by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy security, and generating green employment. However, achieving large-scale adoption requires expansion of charging infrastructure, financial incentives for rural consumers, awareness campaigns, and integration with renewable energy sources. The research offers policy recommendations for accelerating EV penetration in Karnataka and highlights future prospects for clean mobility in developing economies.