Published Paper Details:

Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) become essential to everyday banking. They let people handle their money quickly and safely, at least in theory. But the truth is, ATM machines face a growing list of security threats like card skimming, hackers sneaking into accounts, replay attacks, and people intercepting sensitive data as it travels between the ATM and the bank. Most ATMs still use just single-factor authentication and basic security, which leaves them wide open to new kinds of cyber-attacks. If banks want to keep up, they need a tougher communication system for ATMs--one that really protects the privacy and integrity of every transaction. There is a strong need to verify users, encrypting the data that moves back and forth, and making sure the ATM and the bank's servers are always talking to the right partner. With these upgrades, banks will cut down on fraud, keep people's data safer, and make ATM banking more dependable for everyone.