Published Paper Details:

Flavonoids, abundant polyphenolic compounds in plants, exhibit remarkable potential in wound healing through their multifaceted actions on key phases of repair: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Their therapeutic effects arise primarily from potent antioxidant properties neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulating enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, and activating the master regulator Nrf2/ARE pathway to mitigate oxidative stress alongside robust anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of NF-?B, MAPK/ERK, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-?, IL-6, IL-1?). Additional benefits include promotion of angiogenesis (via upregulation of VEGF, bFGF, TGF-?), re-epithelialization, collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and antimicrobial action against common wound pathogens. Preclinical evidence, predominantly from animal models of acute, burn, and diabetic wounds, demonstrates that prominent flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, curcumin, rutin) accelerate closure, enhance granulation tissue formation, and reduce scarring. However, challenges such as poor solubility and bioavailability are being addressed through advanced formulations, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, nanogels, and composite dressings, which enable sustained release, improved penetration, and superior outcomes in diabetic wound models (e.g., >90% closure in 14 days in some studies).While clinical translation remains limited, emerging data support flavonoids as safe, multi-target natural agents, particularly for managing chronic non-healing wounds dominated by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. This review highlights underlying pathways, key compounds, formulation advances, and future directions for harnessing flavonoids in wound therapeutics.