Published Paper Details:

Food fraud has become a global concern, impelled by innovation within the food industry and shifting buyer preferences. Milk adulteration is a widespread issue, with various substances being added to alter its composition. Common adulterants include unwanted water content, non native proteins, whey derived proteins, melamine, and urea compounds. Additionally, fats originating from both plant and animal source, along with other minor constituents of milk fat, have been intentionally added undermining the authenticity of milk and its processed to derivatives. These practices not only diminish the quality of dairy products but also pose potential health potential hazards to end users. As a result, the need for reliable authentication processes has grown, leading to the transition from protein-based techniques to more sensitive and reproducible genetic analysis techniques utilize to authenticate dairy items. Among the commonly employed molecular techniques are PCR, Quantitative real time PCR, Multiplex PCR, PCR - RFLP. Despite the availability of various molecular tools for identifying species and breeds in dairy products, there is still a necessity for improved and more reliable methodologies. This review examines both conventional and modern Genomic verification techniques applied to diary authentication. Additionally, it highlights the increasing significance of computational biology for managing extensive data collection and in the discovery of DNA markers that can improve authentication accuracy. One of the primary challenges in molecular-based authentication of dairy products is the quality of DNA, which can be affected by factors such as processing techniques, extraction methods, the chemical properties of the food matrix. PCR-based techniques remain the most widely utilized and successful in ensuring dairy product authenticity. The selection of DNA markers plays a critical role in the success of species and breed detection. While various molecular approaches exist for identifying adulterant species, there is a notable gap in methods for detecting adulterant species. Public databases and advancements in bioinformatics have revolutionized data examination and will be essential in developing effective DNA markers to improve dairy authentication processes