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Charles Dickens remains one of the most powerful literary voices of the Victorian era in exposing the inequities and contradictions of a rapidly industrializing society. His novels repeatedly confront the realities of class divisions, poverty, and the pressures of capitalist modernity. This article examines Oliver Twist (1838) and Hard Times (1854) through the lens of Marxist literary criticism, with particular attention to how Dickens dramatizes class conflict and the commodification of human life. Drawing on the theoretical insights of Karl Marx alongside later critics such as Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton, the study interprets Dickens's fictional world as a space where the struggles of the poor, the exploited, and the marginalized are narrated against the dominant ideologies of Victorian capitalism. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative, interpretive case study of the two novels, engaging in close textual analysis informed by Marxist concepts such as alienation, surplus value, and commodity fetishism. The findings suggest that Oliver Twist exposes how poverty and childhood itself are commodified within pre-industrial urban England, while Hard Times extends this critique into the mechanized logic of industrial capitalism, where workers and even education become reduced to instruments of production. By situating Dickens within a broader critical framework, the article argues that his novels not only reflect the tensions of nineteenth-century society but also resonate with contemporary debates on inequality, labor, and the commodification of human existence.