Published Paper Details:

Topical drug delivery systems (TDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to oral and parenteral routes, offering localized drug action with minimal systemic side effects. These systems are particularly useful for treating dermatological conditions like, pain, and infections directly at the site of application. The formulation and development of TDDS involve careful selection of drug candidates, excipients, and delivery vehicles such as gels, creams, ointments, or transdermal patches. Advances in nanotechnology, penetration enhancers, and novel carriers like liposomes and niosomes have significantly improved drug permeation through the skin barrier. Key formulation considerations include drug solubility, stability, skin permeability, and patient compliance. This abstract provides an overview of the principles, challenges, and recent advancements in the formulation and development of topical drug delivery systems, emphasizing the importance of skin physiology, formulation strategies, and evaluation techniques in achieving effective and targeted therapy.