Published Paper Details:

Background: The brachial plexus constitutes a complex network of nerves responsible for innervating the upper limb with both motor and sensory signals. This network arises from the spinal nerves located in the cervical and upper thoracic segments. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in cadavers. Materials & Methods: The study examined the brachial plexus anatomy using forty cadavers. It focused on development, branching, and trajectory, using conventional techniques and magnification. The study recorded anatomical differences including root formation, trunk formation, cord arrangement, divisions, and additional nerve trunks. Digital photographs were taken for further analysis and documentation. Results: The brachial plexus was found in 92% of specimens, with 36% showing deviations in trunk configuration. The most frequent variant was classical "M" pattern (80% of cases), with 4% involving fusion of middle and lower trunks. Divisions and consistent but asymmetric branching patterns were observed in 7% of cases. The medial cord formed in 64% of cases, and an auxiliary lateral cord was noted in 6%. Variations in the median nerve development were noted in 6% of cases, including absence of musculocutaneous nerve in some specimens. Conclusion: Cadaveric investigations reveal variations in the brachial plexus anatomy, highlighting the importance of understanding these differences for surgical, anesthetic, and rehabilitative procedures, particularly in the neck, shoulder, and upper limb regions.