Published Paper Details:

The chronic gastrointestinal condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is brought on by the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can create bothersome symptoms and problems. It is one of the most common digestive problems in the world, greatly impairing quality of life and raising the cost of healthcare. Changes in nutrition, lifestyle, obesity, stress, and the widespread use of several drugs are all linked to the increasing prevalence of GERD. Heartburn and acid regurgitation are the most prevalent clinical manifestations of GERD, although extra-esophageal symptoms like laryngitis, asthma, chest pain, and persistent cough are becoming more well acknowledged. Transient relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter, poor esophageal clearance, delayed stomach emptying, and elevated intra-abdominal pressure are all part of the complex pathophysiology of GERD. In certain situations, endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring, and manometry are used to support the diagnosis, which is frequently based on clinical symptoms. Surgical procedures, medication therapy, and lifestyle changes are all part of the management of GERD. The cornerstone of treatment is still proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), although worries about their long-term safety have spurred research into alternate treatments and step-down treatment approaches. With a focus on rational pharmacology and patient-centered care, this review attempts to give a current overview of GERD by examining its epidemiology, etiology, clinical aspects, diagnostic methods, and current treatment modalities.