Published Paper Details:

The Ahom kingdom witnessed a series of capital shifts over the period of nearly six centuries, reflecting the dynamic interplay of geography, security, administration, demography and political exigencies. This study examines the evolution of Ahom capitals from Charaideo to Jorhat, highlighting the underlying reasons for each relocation. Charaideo, established by Sukapha in 1253 C.E., was chosen for its elevated, flood-free terrain, fertile agricultural land and central location, symbolising both spiritual sanctity and political authority. Subsequent shifts to Charagua under Sudangpha were driven primarily by security concerns, particularly the perceived threat from the Chutiyas, while retaining Charaideo's cultural significance. The establishment of Gargaon by Suklenmung marked a strategic and administrative consolidation, with fortified structures, advantageous transportation links and fertile surroundings enhancing state control. Later, Rudra Singha's transfer of the capital to Rangpur in 1699 A.D. responded to demographic growth, economic expansion and spatial constraints at Gargaon. Finally, the shift to Jorhat in 1794 A.D. under Gaurinath Singha was compelled by internal instability and the Moamaria rebellions, reflecting the declining strength of the Ahom monarchy and the prioritisation of immediate security over geographical advantages. The study also notes the symbolic continuity and legitimacy of capitals, as seen in the Moamaria rebels' decision to retain Rangpur as the seat of power. Overall, the shifting of capitals illustrate how environmental suitability, military strategy, administrative convenience and political legitimacy shaped state formation and governance in pre-colonial Assam.