Published Paper Details:

More than 40% of newly developed chemical compounds exhibit poor water solubility or lipophilic characteristics, posing a significant challenge in formulating suitable dosage forms. While various conventional techniques have been explored, nanotechnology, particularly nanosuspensions, offers a promising solution to enhance the solubility and absorption of poorly soluble drugs. A nanosuspension is a colloidal dispersion of drug particles, typically ranging from 10 to 1,000 nanometers, stabilized by surfactants. This reduction in particle size dramatically increases the surface area, leading to improved dissolution rates and enhanced bioavailability, as explained by the Noyes-Whitney equation. Nanosuspension technology not only addresses solubility and bioavailability issues but also modifies drug pharmacokinetics, improving safety and efficacy. This review article discusses the advantages, drug selection criteria, formulation considerations (including stabilizers, surfactants, and co-surfactants), and preparation techniques such as bottom-up (precipitation) and top-down (media milling, high-pressure homogenization, melt emulsification, emulsification solvent evaporation, wet milling, supercritical fluid process, and dry co-grinding) approaches. Furthermore, it details the characterization methods for nanosuspensions, including particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, crystalline state, pH, and stability. The diverse applications of nanosuspensions in oral, parenteral, dermal, targeted, ocular, and pulmonary drug delivery are also highlighted, demonstrating their versatility and potential to revolutionize drug delivery systems.