Published Paper Details:

Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) are the building blocks of the existing software engineering that offers the option to release reliably and quickly on cloud-based configurations. Because of the growing popularity of the multi-cloud strategies, the optimisation of CI/CD pipelines across the different vendors is a pressing concern. This review provides a comparison between Jenkins and Bamboo as CI/CD engines and Kubernetes as a backplane that provides orchestration in a multi-cloud environment. The outcome of an experimental benchmark indicates the robustness of the pipeline governance and orchestration in the performance of the lead time, the number of deployments, the first failure change, and the average time to healing. The analysis will be based on the recent reports in the field of declarative pipeline practices, GitOps frameworks, DevSecOps controls, and the migration patterns. The data indicate that the optimization of CI/CD in multi-cloud needs not only efficient toolchain but an adaptive orchestration, well-built governance and security incorporation. Future directions of research will be predictive orchestration models, and improved GitOps scalability, cross-tool governance models and automatized remediation strategies. This review offers a systematic base to comprehend current practice in CI/CD optimization as well as ascertaining avenues in the enhancement of practice and research in distributed multi-cloud topographies.