Published Paper Details:

Fractal dipole antennas (FDA) and split ring resonators (SRR) have emerged as promising structures for microwave applications due to their miniaturization capabilities, multi-band performance, and enhanced electromagnetic properties. This research presents the design and simulation of FDA and SRR structures using copper and graphene as conductive materials. The study explores the impact of fractal geometries on antenna performance, including parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. Graphene, known for its tunable conductivity and superior electrical properties, is investigated as an alternative to conventional copper to improve performance in reconfigurable and flexible microwave circuits. Simulations are conducted using finite element method (FEM) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques to analyze electromagnetic interactions, surface current distributions, and resonant frequency characteristics. The comparative analysis of copper- and graphene-based designs highlights the advantages of graphene in terms of frequency agility, miniaturization, and loss reduction. Potential applications of these structures include wireless communication, radar systems, and metamaterial-based devices. The results demonstrate that graphene-based FDA and SRRs offer significant improvements in microwave performance, paving the way for next-generation compact and efficient RF components.