Published Paper Details:

The paper study analyses Thomas Harris's Hannibal and Hannibal Rising using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) by Albert Bandura. It explores how Hannibal Lecter's transformation from a traumatized child to a sophisticated predator is shaped by observational learning, reciprocal determinism, and moral disengagement. In Hannibal Rising, Hannibal experiences severe trauma during World War II, witnessing violence and cannibalism, which later influences his behaviour. Through observational learning, he adopts violent tendencies from his environment and refines them under the guidance of his aunt, Lady Murasaki. His intelligence and adaptability allow him to develop a self-regulated moral code, justifying his actions as acts of justice. In Hannibal, Lecter's fully formed persona demonstrates reciprocal determinism, where his thoughts, actions, and environment reinforce his identity as both a cultured intellectual and a ruthless predator. He engages in moral disengagement, rationalizing his killings by targeting only those he deems unworthy, thus detaching himself from guilt. His ability to manipulate and control situations reflects his mastery of learned behaviour. By applying Social Cognitive Theory, this study provides a deeper understanding of Hannibal Lecter's psychology beyond typical criminological and psychoanalytic perspectives. It highlights how external influences, cognitive processes, and behavioral reinforcement shape identity and moral reasoning. This analysis contributes to broader discussions on learned behaviour, trauma, and the complexities of villainous characters in literature.