Published Paper Details:

Leguminous plants have emerged as promising candidates for phytoremediation due to their nitrogen-fixing capabilities, high biomass production, and metal tolerance. This review systematically compares phytoremediation efficiency across major legume species, focusing on quantitative performance metrics, metal accumulation patterns, biomass production, and underlying mechanisms. Analysis of comparative studies reveals significant interspecific variation in remediation strategies and efficiency. Medicago sativa (alfalfa) demonstrates superior biomass production (up to 15 t/ha dry weight) and moderate metal accumulation, making it suitable for phytostabilization. Lupinus species exhibit high metal translocation factors (>1.0 for Cd and Zn) and bioconcentration capabilities, positioning them as effective phytoextractors. Sesbania species show exceptional tolerance to extreme contamination levels while maintaining growth. Trifolium species display balanced accumulation-biomass profiles suitable for multi-metal contaminated sites. Species-specific differences in root architecture, symbiotic associations, and biochemical tolerance mechanisms significantly influence remediation outcomes. This review provides quantitative benchmarks for species selection based on contamination type, remediation goals, and site conditions, offering practical guidance for implementing legume-based phytoremediation strategies.