Published Paper Details:

Nanosponges are an emerging class of nanoscale, porous, three-dimensional structures capable of encapsulating, protecting, and delivering a wide variety of therapeutic agents. Their unique architecture, high surface area, tunable porosity, and ability to control drug release make them highly promising in modern pharmaceutical formulations. Nanosponges can be broadly classified into three major categories: composition-based, structure-based, and functionality-based systems. Composition- based nanosponges include polymeric, cyclodextrin, silicon-based, and carbonate nanosponges, each offering distinct biodegradability and compatibility profiles. Structure-based nanosponges differ in morphology, porous, hollow, and cage-like frameworks designed to enhance loading efficiency and sustained release. Functionality-based nanosponges incorporate stimuli-responsive, targeted, and surface-modified systems that enable precise, controlled, and site-specific drug delivery. These classifications provide a comprehensive understanding of nanosponge design, facilitating their application in drug delivery, diagnostics, biomedical engineering, cosmetics, and environmental remediation. Overall, nanosponges represent a versatile platform with vast potential to improve therapeutic outcomes through enhanced stability, solubility, and controlled drug release.