Published Paper Details:

Sublingual drug delivery represents a promising alternative route for systemic medication administration, offering significant advantages over conventional oral formulations. The sublingual region exhibits superior permeability compared to other oral mucosal areas due to its thin epithelium (100-200 ?m), extensive vascularization, and high blood flow. This comprehensive review examines the anatomical basis of sublingual absorption, mechanisms of drug transport, formulation strategies including fast-dissolving tablets and advanced delivery systems, and emerging technologies for improving sublingual bioavailability. The sublingual route enables drugs to bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism, achieving bioavailability improvements of 3-10 times compared to conventional oral administration. Clinical applications include cardiovascular medications, analgesics, antiemetics, and emergency medications where rapid onset of action is required. Despite advantages, challenges including drug stability, taste masking, and patient compliance require continued research. This review synthesizes current knowledge and future perspectives on sublingual drug delivery systems, highlighting innovations in formulation technologies, permeation enhancement strategies, and personalized medicine applications. Emerging trends including nanoparticle-based systems, biocompatible polymers, and digital health integration represent promising future directions for optimizing sublingual drug delivery efficacy and patient outcomes.