Published Paper Details:

Abstract: The increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders globally, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome, represents one of the most significant public health challenges of the twenty-first century. The limitations of conventional pharmaceutical treatments--including high costs, adverse effects, and incomplete therapeutic benefits --have motivated intense scientific interest in plant-derived therapeutic agents. Phytopharmacology, the study of pharmacologically active plant compounds, offers a promising avenue for developing safe, effective, and accessible therapeutic interventions for metabolic pathologies. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the role of bioactive plant constituents--including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids--in ameliorating metabolic dysfunction through multiple molecular mechanisms. Key findings indicate that phytochemicals can modulate glucose homeostasis, improve insulin sensitivity, regulate lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and restore gut microbiota balance. Clinical evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates meaningful improvements in glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures when patients receive standardized herbal preparations as adjunctive or complementary therapies alongside conventional management strategies. This comprehensive review examines the phytopharmacological basis of metabolic disorder management, evaluates clinical evidence supporting specific plant extracts and isolated compounds, explores molecular mechanisms of action, addresses safety and standardization considerations, and discusses future perspectives for integrating phytotherapy into evidence-based clinical practice. Metabolic Disorders, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Phytopharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, Insulin Resistance, Herbal Therapy