Published Paper Details:

When Hepatitis-B is diagnosed, the quest for a reliable curative treatment in any medical system starts. Which physician should I see? Which doctor specializes in treating Hepatitis B or C infections, or the gastroenterologist with the largest list of alphabets after his name? How is the doctor chosen? Excellent question as well. You should see a physician with extensive clinical experience in treating infections caused by Hepatitis B or C. Instead of choosing someone with book knowledge of Hepatitis B or C, look for a physician with a long history of treating Hepatitis B and C cases alone. Practice is only focused on clinical abilities and knowledge, whereas study allows one to earn more degrees. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals and contributing significantly to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge on HBV epidemiology, virology, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches. It highlights recent advances in understanding the viral life cycle, host immune responses, and mechanisms of persistence that complicate therapeutic eradication. Current prevention strategies--including universal vaccination, maternal screening, and antiviral prophylaxis--are discussed alongside available antiviral therapies that suppress viral replication and reduce long-term complications. Despite substantial progress, HBV cure remains elusive due to the stability of covalently closed circular DNA (ccc DNA) and viral integration into host genomes.