Published Paper Details:

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of skin damage, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Although conventional sunscreens containing synthetic UV filters are widely used, concerns related to skin irritation, long-term safety, and environmental toxicity have increased interest in herbal alternatives. Herbal sunscreens utilize plant-derived bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins that provide photoprotection through multiple mechanisms, including UV absorption, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and enhancement of skin barrier function. This review critically discusses the role of ultraviolet radiation in skin damage, the concept and classification of sunscreens, and the photoprotective potential of herbal ingredients. The mechanisms of action, advantages, formulation challenges, and evaluation methods of herbal sunscreens are systematically reviewed based on existing scientific literature. Additionally, current research gaps related to standardization, stability, SPF optimization, and clinical validation are highlighted, along with future research directions. Overall, herbal sunscreens represent a promising and eco-friendly approach to photoprotection; however, further research and technological advancements are required to improve their efficacy and regulatory acceptance.