Published Paper Details:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Current treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, only provide symptomatic relief without slowing disease progression. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-beta (A?) pathology have gained attention as potential disease-modifying therapies. Among these, Leqembi (lecanemab) has emerged as a milestone in Alzheimer's research and treatment. Leqembi is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds selectively to soluble amyloid-beta protofibrils, preventing their aggregation into insoluble plaques and enhancing their clearance by immune mechanisms. By targeting the root pathological process, it helps reduce amyloid burden and slows neurodegeneration. The Phase III CLARITY-AD clinical trial (2022) demonstrated that lecanemab slowed cognitive and functional decline by approximately 27% in early-stage Alzheimer's patients compared with placebo. Despite its promise, challenges remain. The most notable adverse effects are amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), including brain edema and micro-hemorrhages, which require careful MRI monitoring. High cost, limited accessibility, and the need for further long-term studies also restrict its widespread use. In conclusion, the approval of Leqembi in 2023 by the FDA represents a significant shift from symptomatic management to disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease. This project reviews its pharmacology, clinical benefits, safety concerns, and future prospects, highlighting its role as a groundbreaking step in neurodegenerative drug development.