Published Paper Details:

Environmental aggressors such as UV radiation, visible light, infrared heat, and air pollutants constantly attack the human integumentary system, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that surpass endogenous antioxidant defences and hasten the ageing process of the skin. The clinical manifestation of chronic oxidative stress and subsequent matrix metalloproteinase upregulation with collagen degradation is photoaging, which is typified by wrinkle formation, dyschromia, textural deterioration, and barrier dysfunction. By neutralising free radicals, reducing inflammatory cascades, and maintaining dermal matrix integrity, antioxidant-based cosmeceuticals have become evidence-based treatments that enhance the skin's natural defences. For the main topical antioxidant classes, such as ascorbic acid and derivatives, tocopherols, polyphenolic compounds (catechins, resveratrol, curcuminoids), carotenoids, coenzyme Q10, niacinamide, and melatonin, this thorough review methodically assesses mechanistic underpinnings, preclinical studies, and human clinical evidence.A thorough analysis is conducted of the critical formulation factors that control stability, penetration, and clinical efficacy, such as pH optimisation, vehicle selection, encapsulation technologies, and synergistic combinations. Well-formulated antioxidant products, especially synergistic combinations like vitamins C, E, and ferulic acid, have been shown to improve visible signs of photoaging, improve barrier function, and offer significant photoprotection when combined with broad-spectrum sunscreens. Nonetheless, translational issues like regulatory heterogeneity, formulation instability, and bioavailability restrictions continue to exist. Advanced delivery systems, pollutant-specific formulations, microbiome-conscious designs, and customized strategies informed by unique phototype and exposome profiles are all part of future research trajectories.