Published Paper Details:

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological condition characterized by repeated, unprovoked seizures, affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite available treatments, a significant number of patients do not respond to conventional medications, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes recent progress in diagnostic strategies, including advanced neuroimaging, high-resolution EEG and MEG, biomarkers, and artificial intelligence-based seizure prediction. It also discusses therapeutic advances, covering new-generation antiepileptic drugs, innovative mechanisms of action, drug combinations, and precision medicine tailored to individual patients. Non-drug interventions, such as minimally invasive surgeries, neurostimulation devices, gene and stem cell therapies, dietary strategies, and nanotechnology-driven targeted drug delivery, are explored as complementary options. Emerging research on microRNAs, epigenetics, gut microbiota, 3D brains organoids, and CRISPR-based gene editing provides insights for future personalized treatments. Challenges such as drug resistance, treatment costs, accessibility, and ethical concerns are addressed, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Integration of omics technologies, digital health, and precision neurology offers hope for more effective therapies and improved quality of life for people living with epilepsy.