Published Paper Details:

This review synthesizes literature on intake manifold geometry, acoustic tuning, computational modeling, injector placement, and materials relevant to small spark-ignition (SI) engines used in Indian two-wheelers, with the Honda Activa (110-125 cc) as contextual reference. Prior work demonstrates that runner length, plenum volume, elbow curvature, and surface finish influence volumetric efficiency, pressure losses, and mixture preparation; CFD using RANS (e.g., k-? SST) is frequently employed for design iteration and validation. The review collates reported design strategies--including bellmouth entries, diffuser-converger shaping, variable-length runners, and polymer manifolds (PA6-GF30)--and summarizes their measured or simulated impacts on pressure drop, charge uniformity, and torque. It also highlights injector orientation to mitigate wall wetting. Gaps for two-wheeler-specific validation (transient intake events, fuel-air multiphase modeling, chassis-dyno correlation) are identified to guide future research.