Published Paper Details:

Electric vehicles (EVs) depend heavily on lithium-ion batteries, whose performance and safety are strongly influenced by temperature. As conventional battery thermal management systems, such as air cooling, liquid cooling, phase-change materials, and hybrid approaches, exhibit various limitations, immersion cooling (single-phase and two-phase) has emerged as a highly effective alternative. This review synthesizes findings from twenty research studies to evaluate the capabilities, advantages, and technological progress of immersion cooling for EV battery applications. Both single-phase and two-phase immersion strategies show strong promise, supported by studies on dielectric fluid properties, material compatibility, and system safety. Immersion cooling offers superior thermal control, reduced system complexity, lower infrastructure requirements, and improved environmental performance compared with conventional battery cooling methods. Two-phase systems benefit from latent heat of vaporization for enhanced heat dissipation, while single-phase systems provide stable and cost-effective cooling. Studies highlight that optimized flow designs, reduced cell spacing, splitter-hole configurations, and improved coolant pathways significantly enhance heat removal and temperature uniformity. Even though immersion cooling is a highly viable alternative to existing thermal management systems, the current review emphasizes that continued research is needed to refine non-linear heat transfer modelling, optimize flow-path designs, improve dielectric fluid formulations, ensure long-term material compatibility, and enhance fast-charging safety to fully unlock the potential of immersion cooling in next-generation Li-ion battery systems.